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101 Zhenzhong, L.; Xiaojun, Y.; Weijun, T.; Yuehua, C.; Jie, S.; Jimeng, Z.; Anqi, W.; Chunhui, B.; Yin, S.
Comparative effect of electroacupuncture and moxibustion on the expression of substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
J Trad Chin Med, 2015, 35(4), 402-410
Acupuncture, Electroacupuncture, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Moxibustion, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Traditional Chinese medicine
102 Kruis, W.; Chrubasik, S.; Boehm, S.; Stange, C.; Schulze, J.
A double-blind placebo-controlled trial to study therapeutic effects of probiotic Escherichi coli Nissle 1917 in subgroups of patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Int J Colorectal Dis, 2012, 27, 467-474
Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Microbiological therapy, Placebo-controlled, Probiotics, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome
103 Kavuri, V.; Selvan, P.; Malamud, A.; Raghuram, M.; Selvan, S.R.
Remedial yoga module remarkably improves symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome patients
A 12-week randomized controlled trial
Eur J Integr Med, 2015, 7(6), 595-608
Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Meditation, Mind-body medicine, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Yoga
104 Mosaffa-Jahromi, M.; Tamaddon, A.-M.; Afsharypuor, S.; Salehi, S.H.; Pasalar, M.; Jafari, P.; Lankarani, K.B.
Effectiveness of anise oil for treatment of mild to moderate depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
A randomized active and placebo-controlled clinical trial
J Evid Based Compl Altern Med, 2017, 22(1), 41-46
Aromatherapy, Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Mentha, peppermint, Phytomedicine, Pimpinella, Pimpinella anisum, Placebo-controlled, Mental diseases, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome
105 Boltin, D.; Sahar, N.; Gil, E.; Aizic, S.; Hod, K.; Levi-Drummer, R.; Niv, Y.; Dickman, R.
Gut-directed guided affective imagery as an adjunct to dietary modification in irritable bowel syndrome
J Health Psychol, 2015, 20(6), 712-720
Nutrition/diet, Imagery, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Mind-body medicine, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome
106 Korterink, J.J.; Ockeloen, L.E.; Hilbink, M.; Benninga, M.A.; Deckers-Kocken, J.M.
Yoga therapy for abdominal pain related-functional gastrointestinal disorders in children
A randomized controlled trial
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2016, 63(5), 481-487
Bauchschmerz (unspezifisch), Dyspepsia, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Meditation, Mind-body medicine, Pediatrics, Irritable bowel syndrome, Yoga
107 Lauche, R.; Kumar, S.; Hallmann, J.; Lüdtke, R.; Rampp, T.; Dobos, G.; Langhorst, J.
Efficacy and safety of Ayurvedic herbs in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
A randomised controlled crossover trial
Complement Ther Med, 2016, 26, 171-177
Ayurveda, Curcuma, Curcuma longa, Diarrhoeal disorder, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Murraya koenigii, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Punica granatum, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome
108 Zheng, H.; Li, Y.; Zhang, W.; Zeng, F.; Zhou, S.Y.; Zheng, H.B.; Zhu, W.Z.; Jing, X.H.; Rong, P.J.; Tang, C.Z.; Wang, F.C.; Liu, Z.B.; Wang, S.J.; Zhou, M.Q.; Liu, Z.S.; Zhu, B.
Electroacupuncture for patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome or functional diarrhea
A randomized controlled trial
Medicine, 2016, 95(24), e3884; (1-8)
Acupuncture, Diarrhoeal disorder, Electroacupuncture, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Traditional Chinese medicine
109 Tang, X.-D.; Lu, B.; Li, Z.-H.; Wei, W.; Meng, L.-N.; Li, B.-S.; Tang, Z.-P.; Gao, R.; Wang, F.-Y.; Lu, F.; Bian, L.-Q.; Zhao, Y.-P.; Wang, P.; Zhang, Y.-Q.
Therapeutic effect of Chan'an I recipe (...) on irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea
A multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
Chin J Integr Med, 2018, 24(9), 645-652
Diarrhoeal disorder, Chinese medicinal herbs, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Traditional Chinese medicine
110 Zhu, J.-J.; Liu, S.; Su, X.-L.; Wang, Z.-S.; Guo, Y.; Li, Y.-J.; Yang, Y.; Hou, L.-W.; Wang, Q.-G.; Wei, R.-H.; Yang, J.-Q.; Wei, W.
Efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
A meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials
eCAM, 2016, Article ID 4071260, (1-15)
Diarrhoeal disorder, Chinese medicinal herbs, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Meta-analysis, Irritable bowel syndrome, Traditional Chinese medicine
111 Phillips-Moore, J.S.; Talley, N.J.; Jones, M.P.
The mind-body connection in irritable bowel syndrome
A randomised controlled trial of hypnotherapy as a treatment
Health Psychol Open, 2015, 2(1), 1-14
Hypnosis, Hypnotherapy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Mind-body medicine, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome
112 Portincasa, P.; Bonfrate, L.; Scibano, M.L.; Kohn, A.; Caporaso, N.; Festi, D.; Campanale, M.C.; Rienzo, T. di; Guarino, M.; Taddia, M.; Fogli, M.V.; Grimaldi, M.; Gasbarrini, A.
Curcumin and fennel essential oil improve symptoms and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
J Gastrointest Liver Dis, 2016, 25(2), 151-157
Curcuma, Curcuma longa, Foeniculum vulgare, Spices, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Oil, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome
113 Lowe, C.; Aiken, A.; Day, A.G.; Depew, W.; Vanner, S.J.
Sham acupuncture is as efficacious as true acupuncture for the treatment of IBS
A randomized placebo controlled trial
Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2017, 29(7), e13040; (1-9)
Acupuncture, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Traditional Chinese medicine
114 Anastasi, J.K.; Capili, B.; Chang, M.
Development of acupuncture and moxibustion protocol in a clinical trial for irritable bowel syndrome
J Acupunct Meridian Stud, 2017, 10(1), 62-66
Acupuncture, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Moxibustion, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Traditional Chinese medicine
115 MacPherson, H.; Tilbrook, H.; Agbedjro, D.; Buckley, H.; Hewitt, C.; Frost, C.
Acupuncture for irritable bowel syndrome
2-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial
Acupunct Med, 2017, 35(1), 17-23
Acupuncture, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Traditional Chinese medicine
116 Kim, T.; Lee, J.; Chung, J.; Bae, S.; Kim, J.; Lee, J.A.; Youn, S.J.; Go, H.-Y.; Shin, S.-M.
Moxibustion intervention for patients with irritable bowel syndrome
A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Eur J Integr Med, 2017, 9, 126-130 (Studienprotokoll)
Acupuncture, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Moxibustion, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Traditional Chinese medicine
117 Jalihal, A.; Kurian, G.
Ispaghula therapy in irritable bowel syndrome
Improvement in overall well-being is related to reduction in bowel dissatisfaction
J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 1990, 5(5), 507-513
Ayurveda, Ispaghula, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome
118 Pinto-Sanchez, M.I.; Hall, G.B.; Ghajar, K.; Nardelli, A.; Bolino, C.; Lau, J.T.; Martin, F.-P.; Cominetti, O.; Welsh, C.; Rieder, A.; Traynor, J.; Gregory, C.; Palma, G. de Pigrau, M.; Ford, A.C.; Macri, J.; Berner, B.; Bergonzelli, G.; Surette, M.G.; Collins, S.M.; Moayyedi, P.; Bercik, P.
Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 reduces depression scores and alters brain activity
A pilot study in patients with irritable bowel snydrome
Gastroenterol, 2017, 153(2), 448-459.e8
Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium spec., Depression, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Placebo-controlled, Probiotics, Mental diseases, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome
119 Rutten, J.M.T.M.; Vlieger, A.M.; Frankenhuis, C.; George, E.K.; Groeneweg, M.; Norbruis, O.F.; Tjon a Ten, W.; Wering, H.M. van; Dijkgraaf, M.G.W.; Merkus, M.P.; Benninga, M.A.
Home-based hypnotherapy self-exercises vs individual hypnotherapy with a therapist for treatment of pediatric irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain, or functional abdominal pain syndrome
A randomized clinical trial
JAMA Pediatr, 2017, 171(5), 470-477
Bauchschmerz (unspezifisch), Hypnotherapy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Mind-body medicine, Pediatrics, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome
120 Staudacher, H.M.; Lomer, M.C.E.; Farquharson, F.M.; Louis, P.; Fava, F.; Franciosi, E.; Scholz, M.; Tuohy, K.M.; Lindsay, J.O.; Irving, P.M.; Whelan, K.
A diet low in FODMAPs reduces symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and a probiotic restores Bifidobacterium species
A randomized controlled trial
Gastroenterol, 2017, 153, 936-947
Diet, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Placebo-controlled, Probiotics, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, FODMAP
121 Schumann, D.; Langhorst, J.; Dobos, G.; Cramer, H.
Randomised clinical trial
Yoga vs a low-FODMAP diet in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2018, 47(2), 203-211
Diet, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Meditation, Mind-body medicine, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Yoga, FODMAP
122 Brunnthaler-Tscherteu, R.
Lac humanum
Naturheilpraxis, 2017, 28(4), 9-12
Case report, Homeopathy, Complementary and alternative medicine, Lac, Lac humanum, Gastrointestinal tract, Gastric mucosal inflammation, Practice, Psychosomatic medicine, Irritable bowel syndrome
123 Rocha, H.A.C.; Rocha, T.V.; Nóbrega, F.J.F.; Morais, L.C.S.; Diniz, M.F.F.M.
Randomized controlled trial of Panax ginseng in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Rev Bras Farmacogn, 2018, 28(2), 218-222
Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Panax, Panax ginseng
124 Belcaro, G.; Gizzi, G.; Pellegrini, L.; Feragalli, B.; Cotellese, R.; Cacchio, M.; Corsi, M.
Pycnogenol® supplementation improves the control of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms
Panminerva Med, 2018, 60(2), 65-69
Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Non-randomized trial, Phytomedicine, Pycnogenol, Irritable bowel syndrome
125 Zhao, J.M.; Lu, J.H.; Yin, X.J.; Wu, L.Y.; Bao, C.H.; Chen, X.K.; Chen, Y.H.; Tang, W.J.; Jin, X.M.; Wu, H.G.; Shi, Y.
Comparison of electroacupuncture and mild-warm moxibustion on brain-gut function in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
A randomized controlled trial
Chin J Integr Med, 2018, 24(5), 328-335
Acupuncture, Electroacupuncture, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Moxibustion, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Traditional Chinese medicine, Constipation
126 Chen, A.G.Y.; Offereins, M.S.L.; Mulder, C.J.; Frampton, C.M.; Gearry, R.B.
A pilot study of the effect of green kiwifruit on human intestinal fermentation measured by hydrogen and methane breath testing
J Med Food, 2018, 21(12), 1295-1298
Actinidia, Actinidia deliciosa, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Non-randomized trial, Phytomedicine, Irritable bowel syndrome, Microbiology, Microbiome
127 Halmos, E.P.; Power, V.A.; Shepherd, S.J.; Gibson, P.R.; Muir, J.G.
A diet low in FODMAPs reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome
Gastroenterol, 2014, 146, 67-75
Diet, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, FODMAP
128 Zhu, L.; Ma, Y.; Ye, S.; Shu, Z.
Acupuncture for diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
A network meta-analysis
eCAM, 2018, Article ID 2890465, (1-12)
Acupuncture, Diarrhoeal disorder, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Meta-analysis, Irritable bowel syndrome, Traditional Chinese medicine
129 Chen, M.; Tang, T.C.; Wang, Y.; Shui, J.; Xiao, X.H.; Lan, X.; Yu, P.; Zhang, C.; Wang, S.H.; Yao, J.; Zheng, H.; Huang, D.Q.
Randomised clinical trial
Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang granules versus placebo for patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2018, 48(2), 160-168
Diarrhoeal disorder, Chinese medicinal herbs, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Tong Xie Yao Fang, Traditional Chinese medicine
130 Kim, T.; Chung, J.; Bae, S.; Lee, J.; Kim, J.; Lee, J.A.; Yoon, S.J.; Go, H.-Y.; Shin, S.-M.
Efficacy and safety of different doses of moxibustion for irritable bowel syndrome
A randomised controlled pilot trial
Eur J Integr Med, 2018, 20, 79-83
Acupuncture, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Moxibustion, posology, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Traditional Chinese medicine
131 Eswaran, S.; Chey, W.D.; Jackson, K.; Pillai, S.; Chey, S.W.; Han-Markey, T.
A diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols improves quality of life and reduces activity impairment in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhea
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2017, 15, 1890-1899
Diarrhoeal disorder, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, FODMAP
132 Gulewitsch, M.D.; Schlarb, A.A.
Comparison of gut-directed hypnotherapy and unspecific hypnotherapy as self-help format in children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome
A randomized pilot study
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2017, 29(29), 1351-1360
Bauchschmerz (unspezifisch), Hypnosis, Hypnotherapy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Mind-body medicine, Pediatrics, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome
133 Zhang, C.; Guo, L.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, L.; Chang, T.
Electroacupuncture combined with qibei mixture for diarrhea-predominant irrtitable bowel syndrome
A randomized controlled trial
World J Acu Moxibust, 2018, 28, 19-24
Acupuncture, Diarrhoeal disorder, Electroacupuncture, Chinese medicinal herbs, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Traditional Chinese medicine, Qi Bei
134 Evans, S.; Seidman, L.C.; Lung, K.; Sternlieb, B.; Zeltzer, L.K.
Yoga for teens with irritable bowel syndrome
Results from a mixed-methods pilot study
Holist Nurs Pract, 2018, 32(5), 253-260
Jugendmedizin, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Meditation, Mind-body medicine, Pediatrics, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Yoga
135 Zahedi, M.J.; Behrouz, V. Azimi, M.
Low fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols diet versus general dietary advice in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
A randomized controlled trial
J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2018, 33(6), 1192-1199
Diet, Diarrhoeal disorder, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, FODMAP
136 Wang, Y. ; Fan, H.; Qi, X.; Lai, Y.; Yan, Z.; Li, B.; Tang, M.; Huang, D.; Li, Z.; Chen, H.; Zhu, Q.; Luo, C.; Chen, X.; Fen, J.; Jiang, Z.; Zheng, L.; Liu, X.; Tang, Q.; Zuo, D.; Ye, J.; Yang, Y.; Huang, H.; Tang, Z.; Lu, W.; Xiao, J.
Are personalized tongxie formula based on diagnostic analyses more effective in reducing IBS symptoms?
A randomized controlled trial
Complement Ther Med, 2018, 40, 95-105
Chinese medicinal herbs, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Tong Xie Yao Fang, Traditional Chinese medicine
137 Harvie, R.M.; Chisholm, A.W.; Bisanz, J.E.; Burton, J.P.; Herbison, P.; Schultz, K.; Schultz, M.
Long-term irritable bowel syndrome symptom control with reintroduction of selected FODMAPs
World J Gastroenterol, 2017, 23(25), 4632-4643
Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, FODMAP
138 Flik, C.E.; Laan, W.; Zuithoff, N.P.A.; Rood, Y.R. van; Smout, A.J.P.M.; Weusten, B.L.A.M.; Whorwell, P.J.; Wit, N.J. de
Efficacy of individual and group hypnotherapy in irritable bowel syndrome (IMAGINE)
A multicentre randomised controlled trial
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2019, 4(1), 20-31
Hypnosis, Hypnotherapy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Mind-body medicine, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome
139 Roncoroni, L.; Bascuñan, K.A.; Doneda, L.; Sericciolo, A.; Lombardo, V.; Branchi, F.; Ferretti, F.; Dell'Osso, B.; Montanari, V.; Bardella, M.T.; Elli, L.
A low FODMAP gluten-free diet improves functional gastrointestinal disorders and overall mental health of celiac disease patients
A randomized controlled trial
Nutrients, 2018, 10, 1023; (1-14)
Diet, Diarrhoeal disorder, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Metabolic diseases, Constipation, Coeliac disease, FODMAP
140 Mokhtare, M.; Asadipanah, M.; Bahardoust, M.; Chaharmahali, A.; Sikaroudi, M.K.; Khoshdelnezamiha, M.; Davanloo, F.A.; Masoodi, M.; Bahadorizadeh, L.
Efficacy of adding Luvos healing earth supplementation to mebeverine in improving symptoms and quality of life of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
A randomized clinical trial
Biomed Res Ther, 2018, 5(10), 2776-2783
Balneology, Diarrhoeal disorder, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Physical therapy, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome, Peloidtherapie, Healing earth
141 Holmes, H.J.; Thakur, E.R.; Carty, J.N.; Ziadni, M.S.; Doherty, H.K.; Lockhart, N.A.
Ambivalence over emotional expression and perceived social constraints as moderators of relaxation training and emotional awareness and expression training for irritable bowel syndrome
Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 2018, 53, 38-43
Relaxation, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Mind-body medicine, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome
142 McDonald, E.; Teets, R.; Ortiz, C.; Gilchrist, C.; Waltermaurer, E.; Perez, E.; Kligler, B.
A randomized trial of a group-based integrative medicine approach compared to waitlist control on irritable bowel syndrome symptoms in adults
Explore, 2018, 14(6), 406-413
Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Mind-body medicine, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome
143 Zhou, Y.; Han, S.; He, Y.
Clinical effects and safety of Tongxieyaofang on diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome
A meta-analysis of randomized trails
eCAM, 2019, 2019, 4893876; (1-11)
Chinese medicinal herbs, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Meta-analysis, Irritable bowel syndrome, Tong Xie Yao Fang, Traditional Chinese medicine
144 Rizzello, F.; Ricci, C.; Scandella, M.; Cavazza, E.; Giovarnardi, E.; Valerii, M.C.; Campieri, M.; Comparone, A.; Fazio, L. de; Candela, M.; Turroni, S.; Spisni, E.
Dietary geraniol ameliorates intestinal dybosis and relieves symptomes in irritable bowel syndrome patients
A pilot study
BMC Complement Altern Med, 2018, 18(338), (1-11)
Nutrition/diet, Geraniol, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Non-randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome