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1 Hill, S.; Eckett, M.J.H.; Paterson, C.; Harkness, E.F.
A pilot study to evaluate the effects of floatation spa treatment on patients with osteoarthritis
Complement Ther Med, 1999, 7(4), 235-238
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Spa, Physical therapy
2 Verhagen, A.P.; Vet, H.C.W. de; Bie, R.A. de; Kessels, A.G.H.; Boers, M.; Knipschild, P.G.
Taking Baths
The Efficacy of Balneotherapy for Patients with Arthritis. A Systematic Review. Evidence-Based Complementary Medicine: International Congress on Clinical Research and Quality Management in Complementary Medicine, Munich, April 6 to 8, 2000
Forsch Komplementärmed, 2000, 7(1), 53-54 (Abstract)
Arthritis, Balneology, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Spa, Physical therapy, Systematic review
3 Long, L.; Ernst, E.
Herbal medicines for the treatment of osteoarthritis
A systematic review
Rheumatol, 2001, 40, 779-793
Arthritis, Arthrosis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Systematic review
4 Grahame, R.; Robinson, D.V.
Devil´s Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens): pharmalogical and clinical studies
Ann Rheum Dis, 1981, 49, 632
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Harpagophytum, Harpagophytum procumbens, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine
5 Sun, L.
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by warming needle
J Trad Chin Med, 1992, 12(1), 41-44
Acupuncture, Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Traditional Chinese medicine
6 Liu, X.; Sun, L.; Xiao, J.; Yin, S.; Liu, C.; Li, Q.; Li, H.; Jin, B.
Effect of acupuncture and point-injection treatment on immunologic function in rheumatoid arthritis
J Trad Chin Med, 1993, 13(3), 174-178
Acupuncture, Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Traditional Chinese medicine
7 Arichi, S.; Arichi, H.; Toda, S.
Acupuncture and rehabilitation (III) effects of acupuncture applied to the normal side on osteoarthritis deformans and rheumatoid arthritis of the knee and on disorders in motility of the knee joint after cerebral hemorrhage and thrombosis
Am J Chin Med, 1983, 11(1-4), 146-149
Acupuncture, Arthritis, Arthrosis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Traditional Chinese medicine
8 Walker, A.F.
Bromelian reduces mild acute knee pain and improves well-being in a dose-dependent fashion in an open study of otherwise healthy adults
Phytomed, 2002, 9(8), 681-686
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Bromelain, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine
9 Soeken, K.L.; Miller, S.A.; Ernst, E.
Herbal medicines for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
A systematic review
Rheumatol, 2003, 42, 652-659
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Systematic review
10 Soeken, K.L.
Selected CAM Therapies for Arthritis-Related Pain:
The Evidence from Systematic Reviews
Clin J Pain, 2004, 20(1), 13-18
Acupuncture, Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Homeopathy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Systematic review, Traditional Chinese medicine
11 Zhang, G.G.; Lee, W.; Bausell, B.; Lao, L.; Handwerger, B.; Berman, B.
Variability in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) diagnosis and herbal prescriptions provided by three TCM practitioners for 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis
J Altern Complement Med, 2005, 11(3), 415-421
Arthritis, Treatment concept, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Diagnostics, Chinese medicinal herbs, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Practice, Traditional Chinese medicine
12 Michalsen, A.; Riegert, M.; Lüdtke, R.; Bäcker, M.; Langhorst, J.; Schwickert, M.; Dobos, G.J.
Mediterranean diet and extended fasting's influence on changing the intestinal microflora, immunoglobulin A secretion and clinical outcome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia
An observational study
BMC Complement Altern Med, 2005, 5, 1-24 (Internet)
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Diet, Nutrition/diet, Fasting, Fibromyalgia, Therapeutic fasting, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Mediterranian diet, Rheumatic diseases
13 Casimiro, L.; Barnsley, L.; Brosseau, L.; Milne, S.; Robinson, V.A.; Tugwell, P.; Wells, G.
Acupuncture and electroacupuncture for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2005, 4(CD003788), 1-14
Acupuncture, Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Electroacupuncture, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Systematic review, Traditional Chinese medicine
14 Prokhorov, E. F.; Prokhorova, T. E.; Gonzalez-Hernandez, J.; Kovalenko, Y. A.; Llamas, F.; Moctezuma, S.; Romero, H.
In vivo dc and ac measurements at acupuncture points in healthy and unhealthy people.
Complement Ther Med, 2006, 14(1), 31-38
Acupuncture, Allergies, Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Diagnostics, EAV, Healthy probands, Immune system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Traditional Chinese medicine
15 Nozaki, K.; Hikiami, H.; Goto, H.; Nakagawa, T.; Shibahara, N.; Shimada, Y.
Keishibukuryogan (Gui-Zhi-Fu-Ling-Wan), a Kampo formula, decreases disease activity and soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
eCAM, 2006, 3(3), 359-364 (Internet)
Arteriosclerosis, Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Cinnamomum, Cinnamomum cassia, Cardiovascular diseases, Immunomodulation, Immune system, Keishi-bukuryo-gan, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Paeonia, Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia suffruticosa, Poria, Poria cocos, Prunus, peach, Traditional Japanese medicine
16 Basch, E.; Boon, H.; Davies-Heerema, T.; Foppo, I.; Hashmi, S.; Hasskarl, J.; Sollars, D.; Ulbricht, C.
Boswellia
An evidence-based systematic review by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration
J Herbal Pharmacother, 2004, 4(3), 63-83
Arthritis, Arthrosis, Asthma, Respiratory diseases, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Boswellia, Ulcerative colitis, Basic Research, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Crohn's disease, Pharmacology, Phytomedicine, posology, Systematic review
17 Munar, A.; Gamboa, O.A.; Ortiz, N.I.
Homeopathy for osteoarthritis (Protocol)
Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008, 2(CD006402), (1-8) (Internet)
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Homeopathy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Systematic review
18 Berkovitz, S.; Cummings, M.; Perrin, C.; Ito, R.
High volume acupuncture clinic (HVAC) for chronic knee pain
Audit of a possible model for delivery of acupuncture in the National Health Service
Acupunct Med, 2008, 26(1), 46-50
Acupuncture, Arthritis, Arthrosis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Pain, Traditional Chinese medicine, Cost-effectiveness
19 Lee, M.S.; Shin, B.-C.; Ernst, E.
Acupuncture for rheumatoid arthritis
A systematic review
Rheumatol, 2008, 47, 1747-1753
Acupuncture, Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Systematic review, Traditional Chinese medicine
20 Ernst, E.
Frankincense
Systematic review
BMJ, 2008, 337, a2813; (1-4) (Internet)
Arthritis, Asthma, Respiratory diseases, Ayurveda, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Boswellia, Ulcerative colitis, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Crohn's disease, Phytomedicine, Systematic review
21 Hagen, K.B.; Byfuglien, M.G.; Falzon, L.; Olsen, S.U.; Smedslund, G.
Dietary interventions for rheumatoid arthritis
Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2009, 2009(CD006400)), (1-54) (Internet)
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Diet, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Systematic review
22 Sato, M.; Inubushi, M.; Shiga, T.; Hirata, K.; Okamoto, S.; Kamibayashi, T.; Tanimura, K.; Tamaki, N.
Therapeutic effects of acupuncture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
A prospective study using (18)F-FDG-PET
Ann Nucl Med, 2009, 23(3), 311-316
Acupuncture, Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Traditional Chinese medicine
23 Warnrock, M.; McBean, D.; Suter, A.; Tan, J.; Whittaker, P.
Effectiveness and safety of Devil' Claw tablets in patients with general rheumatic disorders
Phytother Res, 2007, 21(12), 1228-1233
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Harpagophytum, Harpagophytum procumbens, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases
24 Vlachojannis, J.E.; Cameron, M.; Chrubasik, S.
A systematic review on the effectiveness of willow bark for musculoskeletal pain
Phytother Res, 2009, 23(7), 897-900
Arthritis, Arthrosis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases, Back pain (non-specific), Salix, Salix purpurea, Pain, Systematic review
25 Petrov, V.I.; Babaeva, A.R.; Cherevkova, E.V.; Epstein, O.I.; Sergeeva, S.A.
Efficiency of potentiated antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Artrofoon) in the therapy of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Bull Exp Biol Med, 2003, 135(Suppl. 1), 155-158
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Inflammation, Homeopathy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Non-randomized trial
26 Noskov, S.M.; Snigireva, A.V.; Dolgova, L.N.; Somova, M.A.; Polyakov, D.P.
The use of homeopathic preparation Vozraston in the therapy of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Bull Exp Biol Med, 2003, 135(Suppl. 1), 94-95
Ambra, Arthritis, Aurum, Aurum jodatum, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Causticum, Homeopathy, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Nervous system, Non-randomized trial, Rheumatic diseases, Vegetative nervous system, Vozraston
27 Kozlovskaya, L.V.; Mukhin, N.A.; Rameev, V.V.; Sarkisova, I.A.; Epstein, O.I.
Potentiated antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the therapy of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Bull Exp Biol Med, 2003, (Suppl. 1), 152-154
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Inflammation, Homeopathy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Rheumatic diseases
28 Pirtkien, R.; Seybold, G.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die Wirksamkeit verschiedener Medikamente bei der Behandlung der primär chronischen Polyarthritis
Hippokrates, 1965, 36(17), 664-668
Arthritis, Balneology, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Colchicum, Colocynthis, Homeopathy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Conventional medicine, Ledum, Physical therapy, Sepia, Silicea, Spigelia, Spiraea ulmaria, Sulfur
29 Cameron, M.; Gagnier, J.J.; Little, C.V.; Parsons, T.J.; Blümle, A.; Chrubasik, S.
Evidence of effectiveness of herbal medicinal products in the treatment of arthritis
Part 2: Rheumatoid arthritis
Phytother Res, 2009, 23(12), 1647-1662
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review
30 Caughey, G.E.; James, M.J.; Proudman, S.M.; Cleland, L.G.
Fish oil supplementation increases the cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity of paracetamol in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Complement Ther Med, 2010, 18(3-4), 171-174
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Dietary supplementation, Rheumatic diseases, fish oil
31 Otter, S.; Church, A.; Murray, A.; Lucas, J.; Creasey, N.; Woodhouse, J.; Grant, R.; Cooper, H.
The effects of reflexology in reducing the symptoms of fatigue in people with rheumatoid arthritis
A preliminary study
J Altern Complement Med, 2010, 16(12), 1251-1252
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Gynaecology, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Manual therapy, Mental diseases, Reflex therapy, Rheumatic diseases
32 Baillet, A.; Zeboulon, N.; Gossec, L.; Combescure, C.; Bodin, L.-A.; Juvin, R.; Dougados, M.; Gaudin, P.
Efficacy of cardiorespiratory aerobic exercise in rheumatoid arthritis
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Arthritis Care Res, 2010, 62(7), 984-992
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Exercise therapy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Physical therapy, Rheumatic diseases
33 Han, A.; Robinson, V.; Judd, M.; Welch, V.; Wu, T.; Tugwell, P.; Wells, G.A.
Tai chi for treating rheumatoid arthritis
Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2004, 3(CD004849), 1-24
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review, Taiji, Traditional Chinese medicine
34 Cameron, M.; Gagnier, J.J.; Chrubasik, S.
Herbal therapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis (Review)
Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2011, 2(CD002948), 1-93
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review
35 Telles, S.; Naveen, K.V.; Gaur, V.; Balkrishna, A.
Effect of one week of yoga on function and severity in rheumatoid arthritis
BMC Res Notes, 2011, 4, 118; (1-4)
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meditation, Mind-body medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Yoga
36 Batterham, S.I.; Heywood, S.; Keating, J.L.
Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing land and aquatic exercise for people with hip or knee arthritis on function, mobility and other health outcomes
BMC Musculoskel Disord, 2011, 12, 123; (1-13)
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Exercise therapy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Physical therapy, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review, Water gymnastics
37 Macfarlane, G.J.; El-Metwally, A.; De Silva, V.; Ernst, E.; Dowds, G.L.; Moots, R.J.
Evidence for the efficacy of complementary and alternative medicines in the management of rheumatoid arthritis
A systematic review
Rheumatol, 2011, 50(9), 1672-1683
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, borage, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review, Tripterygium, Tripterygium wilfordii
38 Krishna, K.P.R.
The efficacy of Ayurvedic treatment for rheumatoid arthritis
Cross-sectional experiential profile of a longitudinal study
Int J Ayurveda Res, 2011, 2(1), 8-13
Arthritis, Ayurveda, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Rheumatic diseases
39 Balbir-Gurman, A.; Fuhrman, B.; Braun-Moscovici, Y.; Markovits, D.; Aviram, M.
Consumption of pomegranate decreases serum oxidative stress and reduces disease activity in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis
A pilot study
Isr Med Assoc J, 2011, 13(8), 474-479
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Punica granatum, Rheumatic diseases
40 Smith, B.W.; Zautra, A.J.
Vulnerability and resilience in women with arthritis
Test of a two-factor model
J Consult Clin Psychol, 2008, 76(5), 799-810
Arthritis, Arthrosis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Gynaecology, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Mind-body medicine, Psychology/psychotherapy, Rheumatic diseases
41 Gheita, T.A.; Kenawy, S.A.
Effectiveness of Nigella sativa oil in the mangement of rheumatoid arthritis patients
A placebo controlled study
Phytother Res, 2011, 26(8), 1246-1248
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Non-randomized trial, Nigella sativa, Oil, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Rheumatic diseases
42 Kogure, T.; Harada, N.; Oku, Y.; Tatsumi, T.; Niizawa, A.
The observation of humoral responses after influenza vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with Japanese Oriental (Kampo) medicine
An observational study
eCAM, 2012, 2012, 320542; (1-6)
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Flu, Immunomodulation, Immune system, Vaccination, Infections, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Traditional Japanese medicine
43 Welch, V.; Brosseau, L.; Casimiro, L.; Judd, M.; Shea, B.; Tugwell, P.; Wells, G.A.
Thermotherapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis
Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2002, 2(CD002826), 1-73
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Physical therapy, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review, Thermotherapy
44 Thanki, K.; Bhatt, N.; Shukla, V.D.
Effect of Kshara Basti und Nirgundi Ghana Vati on Amavata (rheumatoid arthritis)
Ayu, 2012, 33(1), 50-53
Arthritis, Ayurveda, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Rheumatic diseases
45 Cohen, M.
Rosehip
An evidence based herbal medicine for inflammation and arthritis
Aust Fam Physician, 2012, 41(7), 495-498
Arthritis, Arthrosis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Inflammation, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases, Rosa, Rosa canina
46 Lee, H.Y.; Hale, C.A.; Hemingway, B.; Woolridge, M.W.
Tai chi exercise and auricular acupressure for people with rheumatoid arthritis
An evaluation study
J Clin Nurs, 2012, 21, 2812-2822
Acupuncture, Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Non-randomized trial, Ear acupuncture, Rheumatic diseases, Taiji, Traditional Chinese medicine
47 Evans, S.; Moieni, M.; Subramanian, S.; Tsao, J.C.; Sternlieb, B.; Zeltzer, L.K.
"Now I see a brighter day"
Expectations and perceived benefits of an Iyengar yoga intervention for young patients with rheumatoid arthritis
J Yoga Phys Ther, 2011, 1(1), 101; (1-6)
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meditation, Mind-body medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Yoga
48 Middleton, K.R.; Ward, M.M.; Haaz, S.; Velummylum, S.; Fike, A.; Acevedo, A.T.; Tataw-Ayuketah, G.; Dietz, L.; Mittleman, B.B.; Wallen, G.R.
A pilot study of yoga as self-care for arthritis in minority communities
Health Qual Life Outcomes, 2013, 11, 55; (1-14) (Studienprotokoll)
Arthritis, Arthrosis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meditation, Mind-body medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Yoga
49 Saha, S.; Koley, M.; Medhurst, R.
A meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials of individualized homeopathy in rheumatoid arthritis
World J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci, 2013, 2(4), 2097-2117
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Homeopathy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Rheumatic diseases
50 Lee, W.B.; Woo, S.H.; Min, B.I.; Cho, S.H.
Acupuncture for gouty arthritis
A concise report of a systematic and meta-anlaysis approach
Rheumatology (Oxford), 2013, 52(7), 1225-1232
Acupuncture, Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Gout, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Rheumatic diseases, Metabolic diseases, Systematic review, Traditional Chinese medicine
51 Kjeldsen-Kragh, J.; Haugen, M.; Borchgrevink, C.F.; Forre, O.
Vegetarian diet for patients with rheumatoid arthritis-status
Two years after introduction of the diet
Clin Rheumatol, 1994, 13(3), 475-482
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Vegetarianism
52 Liu, Y.; Tu, S.; Gao, W.; Wang, Y.; Liu, P.; Hu, Y.; Dong, H.
Extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
eCAM, 2013, Article ID 410793, (1-11)
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review, Tripterygium, Tripterygium wilfordii
53 Kelley, G.A.; Kelley, K.S.
Effects of exercise on depressive symptoms in adults with arthritis and other rheumatic disease
A systematic review of meta-analyses
BMC Musculoskel Disord, 2014, 15, 121; (1-9)
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Exercise therapy, Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Physical therapy, Mental diseases, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review
54 Sharma, M.
Yoga as an alternative and complementary approach for arthritis
A systematic review
J Evid Based Compl Altern Med, 2014, 19(1), 51-58
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meditation, Mind-body medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review, Yoga
55 Waite-Jones, J.M.; Hale, C.A.; Lee, H.Y.
Psychosocial effects fo Tai Chi exercise on people with rheumatoid arthritis
J Clin Nurs, 2013, 22(21-22), 3053-3061
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Taiji, Traditional Chinese medicine
56 Parlar, S.; Fadiloglu, C.; Argon, G.; Tokem, Y.; Keser, G.
The effects of self-pain management on the intensity of pain and pain management methods in arthritic patients
Pain Management Nurs, 2013, 14(3), 133-142
Arthritis, Arthrosis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Knee arthrosis, Complementary and alternative medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Pain
57 Kundu, T.K.; Shaikh, A.F.; Jacob, S.M.
To evaluate the role of homoeopathic medicines as add-on therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on NSAIDs
A retrospective study
Ind J Res Hom, 2014, 8(1), 24-30
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Homeopathy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Retrospective design, Rheumatic diseases
58 Prusak, K.; Prusak, K.; Mahoney, J.
An integrated mind-body approach to arthritis
A pilot study
J Tradit Complement Med, 2014, 4(2), 99-107
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Gynaecology, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Mind-body medicine, Rheumatic diseases
59 Yang, S.; Eaton, C.B.; McAlindon, T.E.; Lapane, K.L.
Effects of glucosamine and chondroitin supplementation on knee osteoarthritis
An analysis with marginal structural models
Arthritis Rheum, 2015, 67(3), 714-723
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Chondroitin, Nutrition/diet, Glucosamin, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Dietary supplementation, Rheumatic diseases
60 Sun, Z.-l.; Xu, X.; Du, S.-z.; Jiang, X.
Moxibustion for treating rheumatoid arthritis
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Eur J Integr Med, 2014, 6(6), 621-630
Acupuncture, Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Moxibustion, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review, Traditional Chinese medicine
61 Kumar, G.; Srivastava, A.; Sharma, S.K.; Rao, T.D.; Gupta, Y.K.
Efficacy and safety evaluation of Ayurvedic treatment (Ashwagandha powder & Sidh Makardhwaj) in rheumatoid arthritis patients
A pilot prospective study
Indian J Med Res, 2015, 141(1), 100-106
Arthritis, Ayurveda, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Withania, Withania somnifera, Sidh Makardhwaj
62 Verhagen, A.P.; Bierma-Zeinstra, S.M.; Boers, M.; Cardoso, J.R.; Lambeck, J.; Bie, R. de; Vet, H.C., de
Balneotherapy (or spa therapy) for rheumatoid arthritis
Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015, 4(CD000518), 1-46
Arthritis, Balneology, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Spa, Physical therapy, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review
63 Jensen, G.S.; Attridge, V.L.; Benson, K.F.; Beaman, J.L.; Carter, S.G.; Ager, D.
Consumption of dried apple peel powder increases joint function and range of motion
J Med Food, 2014, 17(11), 1204-1213
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Malus, Malus domestica, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases
64 Lee, J.A.; Son, M.J.; Choi, J.; Jun, J.H.; Kim, J.-I.; Lee, M.S.
Bee venom acupuncture for rheumatoid arthritis
A systematic review of randomised clinical trials
BMJ Open, 2014, 4, e006140; (1-8)
Acupuncture, Apitherapy, Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review, Traditional Chinese medicine, Bee venom acupuncture
65 Zhang, X.; Zhang, D.; Jia, H.; Feng, Q.; Wang, D.; Liang, D.; Wu, X.; Li, J.; Tang, L.; Li, Y.; Lan, Z.; Chen, B.; Li, Y.; Zhong, H.; Xie, H.; Jie, Z.; Chen, W.; Tang, S.; Xu, X.; Wang, X.; Cai, X.; Liu, S.; Xia, Y.; Li, J.; Qiao, X.; Al-Aama, J.Y.; Chen, H.; Wang, L.; Wu, Q.J.; Zhang, F.; Zheng, W.; Li, Y.; Zhang, M.; Luo, G.; Xue, W.; Xiao, L.; Li, J.; Chen, W.; Xu, X.; Yin, Y.; Yang, H.; Wang, J.; Kristiansen, K.; Liu, L.; Li, T.; Huang, Q.; Li, Y.; Wang, J.
The oral and gut microbiomes are perturbed in rheumatoid arthritis and partly normalized after treatment
Nat Med, 2015, 21, 895-905
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Experiment, Basic Research, In vitro, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Human, Methotrexat, Non-randomized trial, Rheumatic diseases, Traditional Chinese medicine, Tripterygium, Tripterygium wilfordii
66 Chen, X.-M.; Huang, R.-Y.; Huang, Q.-C.; Chu, Y.-L.; Yan, J.-Y.
Systemic review and meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of Zhengqing Fentongning combined with methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis
eCAM, 2015, Article ID 910376, (1-11)
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Chinese medicinal herbs, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Systematic review, Traditional Chinese medicine, Zhengqingfengtongning
67 Hagen, K.B.; Byfuglien, M.G.; Falzon, L.; Olsen, S.U.; Smedslund, G.
Dietary interventions for rheumatoid arthritis (review)
Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2009, 1(CD006400), 1-57
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review
68 Hurkmans, E.; Giesen, F.J. van der; Vlieland, V.T.P.M..; Schoones, J.; Ende, E.C.H.M. van den
Dynamic exercise programs (aerobic capacity and/or muscle strength training) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (review)
Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2009, 4(CD006853), 1-46
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Exercise therapy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Physical therapy, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review, Aerobic training, Strength training
69 Qu, J.; Mélot, C.; Appelboom, T.
Short report of a preliminary open study of Synofit
Containing bio-curcumin, greenlipped mussel and blackcurrant leaf extract in arthritis
Open J Rheumatol Autoimm Dis, 2015, 5, 113-117
Arthritis, Arthrosis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Curcuma, Curcuma longa, Fibromyalgia, Clinical research, Knee arthrosis, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, green-lipped mussel, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases, Ribes, black currant, Back pain (non-specific)
70 Lerman, R.H.; Chang, J.-L.; Konda, V.; Desai, A.; Montalto, M.B.
Nutritional approach for relief of joint discomfort
A 12-week, open-case series and illustrative case report
IMCJ, 2015, 14(5), 52-61
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Dietary supplementation, Rheumatic diseases
71 Rosso, A. del; Maddali-Bongi, S.
Mind body therapies in rehabilitation of patients with rheumatic diseases
Complement Ther Clin Pract, 2016, 22, 80-86
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meditation, Mind-body medicine, Qi Gong, Rheumatic diseases, Taiji, Traditional Chinese medicine, Yoga, Pilates
72 Moradi, S.; Dorosty-Motlagh, A.-R.; Daneshi-Maskooni, M.; Nouri-Jelyani, K.
Consumption of some spices in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
A case-control study
Int Res J Appl Basic Sci, 2015, 9(3), 367-370
Allium, Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Capsicum, Curcuma, Spices, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases, Sesamum indicum, ginger
73 Feng, Z.; Xu, J.; He, G.; Cao, M.; Duan, L.; Chen, L.; Wu, Z.
The efficacy and safety of the combination of total glucosides of peony and leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
A systematic review and meta-analysis
eCAM, 2016, Article ID 9852793, (1-8)
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Chinese medicinal herbs, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Paeonia, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review, Traditional Chinese medicine
74 Cabarkapa, A.; Zivkovic, L.; Borozan, S.; Zlatkovic-Svenda, M.; Dekanski, D.; Jancic, I.; Radak-Perovic, M.; Bajic, V.; Spremo-Potparevic, B.
Dry olive leaf extract in combination with methotrexate reduces cell damage in early rheumatoid arthritis patients
A pilot study
Phytother Res, 2016, 30(10), 1616-1623
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Non-randomized trial, olive, green, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases, Olea
75 Wang, H.-L.; Jiang, Q.; Feng, X.-H.; Zhang, H.-D.; Ge, L.; Luo, C.-G.; Gong, X.; Li, B.
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F versus conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs as monotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis
A systematic review and network meta-analysis
BMC Complement Altern Med, 2016, 16, 215
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review
76 Cai, Y.; Yuan, Q.; Xu, K.; Zhu, J.; Li, Y.; Wu, X.; Yang, L.; Qiu, Y.; Xu, P.
Assessment of the therapeutic effect of total glucosides of peony for juvenile idiopathic arthritis
A systematic review and meta-analysis
eCAM, 2016, Article ID 8292486, (1-13)
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Pediatrics, Paeonia, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review
77 Daily, J.W.; Yang, M.; Park, S.
Efficacy of turmeric extracts and curcumin for alleviating the symptoms of joint arthritis
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
J Med Food, 2016, 19(8), 717-729
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Curcuma, Curcuma longa, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review
78 Han, G.-M.; Han, X.-F.
Serum lycopene is inversely associated with long-term all-cause mortality in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis
Eur J Integr Med, 2016, 8(3), 213-218
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Lycopene, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases
79 Shim, J.-W.; Jung, J.-Y.; Kim, S.-S.
Effects of electroacupuncture for knee osteoarthritis
A systematic review and meta-analysis
eCAM, 2016, Article ID 3485875, (1-18)
Acupuncture, Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Electroacupuncture, Clinical research, Knee arthrosis, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review, Traditional Chinese medicine
80 Gizinska, M.; Rutkowski, R.; Romanowski, W.; Lewandowski, J.; Straburzynska-Lupa, A.
Effects of whole-body cryotherapy in comparison with other physical modalities used with kinesitherapy in rheumatoid arthritis
Biomed Res Int, 2015, 2015, 409174; (1-7)
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cryotherapy, Non-randomized trial, Physical therapy, Rheumatic diseases, Thermotherapy
81 Lu, W.-W.; Zhang, J.-M.; Lv, Z.-T.; Chen, A.-M.
Update on the clinical effect of acupuncture therapy in patients with gouty arthritis
Systematic review and meta-analysis
eCAM, 2016, Article ID 9451670, (1-14)
Acupuncture, Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Gout, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Rheumatic diseases, Metabolic diseases, Systematic review, Traditional Chinese medicine
82 Giacobbi, P.R.; Stabler, M.; Stewart, J.; Jaeschke, A.-M.; Siebert, J.L.; Kelley, G.A.
Guided imagery for arthritis and other rheumatic diseases
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Pain Manag Nurs, 2015, 16(5), 792-803
Arthritis, Arthrosis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Imagery, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Mind-body medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review
83 Xu, X.; Li, J.; Xia, S.; Wang, M.M.; Ji, W.
Tripterygium glycosides for treating late-onset rheumtoid arthritis
A systematic review and meta-analysis
Altern Ther Health Med, 2016, 22(6), 32-39
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Geriatrics, Chinese medicinal herbs, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review, Traditional Chinese medicine, Tripterygium, Tripterygium wilfordii
84 McKenna, S.; Donnelly, A.; Fraser, A.; Comber, L.; Kennedy, N.
Does exercise impact on sleep for people who have rheumatoid arthritis?
A systematic review
Rheumatol Int, 2017, 37(6), 963-974
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Exercise therapy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Physical therapy, Mental diseases, Rheumatic diseases, Sleep disorders, Systematic review
85 Pan, X.; Lopez-Olivo, M.A.; Song, J.; Pratt, G.; Suarez-Almazor, M.E.
Systematic review of the methodological quality of controlled trials evaluating Chinese herbal medicine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
BMJ Open, 2017, 7(3), e013242; (1-12)
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Chinese medicinal herbs, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review, Traditional Chinese medicine
86 Senftleber, N.K.; Nielsen, S.M.; Andersen, J.R.; Bliddal, H.; Tarp, S.; Lauritzen, L.; Furst, D.E.; Suarez-Almazor, M.E.; Lyddiatt, A.; Christensen, R.
Marine oil supplements for arthritis pain
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Nutrients, 2017, 9, 42; (1-21)
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Sea remedies, Meta-analysis, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review, fish oil
87 Gan, R.W.; Young, K.A.; Zerbe, G.O.; Demoruelle, M.K.; Weisman, M.H.; Buckner, J.H.; Gregersen, P.K.; Mikuls, T.R.; O'Dell, J.R.; Keating, R.M.; Clare-Salzler, M.J.; Deane, K.D.; Holers, V.M.; Norris, J.M.
Lower omega-3 fatty acids are associated with the presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies in a population at risk for future rheumatoid arthritis
A nested case-control study
Rheumatol, 2016, 55, 367-376
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Nutrition/diet, Essential fatty acids, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Rheumatic diseases, fish oil
88 Chen, Z.-Z.; Zhang, X.-D.; Chen, Y.; Wu, Y.-B.
The role of circulating miR-146a in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated by Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F
Medicine, 2017, 96(20), e6775; (1-6)
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Genetics, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Non-randomized trial, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases, Tripterygium, Tripterygium wilfordii
89 Tedeschi, S.K.; Bathon, J.M.; Giles, J.T.; Lin, T.C.; Yoshida, K.; Solomon, D.H.
Relationship between fish consumption and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis
Arthritis Care Res, 2018, 70(3), 327-332
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Rheumatic diseases
90 Poole, J.L.; Siegel, P.
Effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions for adults with rheumatoid arthritis
A systematic review
Am J Occup Ther, 2017, 71(1), 7101180050p1-7101180050
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Ergotherapy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Physical therapy, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review
91 Feng, Z.T.; Xu, J.; He, G.C.; Cai, S.J.; Li, J.; Mei, Z.G.
A systemic review and meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy and safety of total glucosides of peony combined with methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis
Clin Rheumatol, 2018, 37(1), 35-42
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Methotrexat, Paeonia, Paeonia lactiflora, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review
92 Nelson, N.L.; Churilla, J.R.
Massage therapy for pain and function in patients with arthritis
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2017, 96(9), 665-672
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Manual therapy, Massage, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review
93 Luo, J.; Jin, D.E.; Yang, G.Y.; Zhang, Y.Z.; Wang, J.M.; Kong, W.P.; Tao, Q.W.
Total glucosides of paeony for rheumatoid arthritis
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Complement Ther Med, 2017, 34, 46-56
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Paeonia, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review
94 Seca, S.; Miranda, D.; Patricio, M.; Correia, R.; Kirch, S.; Cabrita, A.S.; Greten, H.J.
New pressure algometry device for the quantification of acupuncture induced pain relief
J Altern Complement Integr Med, 2017, 3(1), 019; (1-7)
Acupuncture, Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Methodology, Rheumatic diseases, Pain, Theory, Traditional Chinese medicine, Chronic pain
95 Fehr, A.; Shoma, A.; Ismail, M.A.; Mousa, A.K.
Honey and cupping for leg ulcer healing in rheumatoid arthritis patients, data supporting their use in clinical practice
Int J Complement Altern Med, 2016, 3(6), 00093; (1-5)
Purgative therapy, Apitherapy, Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Homespun remedies, Skin diseases, Honey, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Cupping, Crural ulcer, Traditional medicine
96 Daily, J.W.; Zhang, T.; Cao, S.; Park, S.
Efficacy and safety of GuiZhi-ShaoYao-ZhiMu decoction for treating rheumatoid arthritis
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
J Altern Complement Med, 2017, 23(10), 756-770
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Chinese medicinal herbs, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review, Traditional Chinese medicine, GuiZhi-ShaoYao-ZhiMu
97 Wang, J.; Chen, N.; Fang, L.; Feng, Z.; Li, G.; Mucelli, A.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, X.
A systematic review about the efficacy and safety of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f. preaparations used for the management of rheumatoid arthritis
eCAM, 2018, Article ID 1567463, (1-13)
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review, Tripterygium wilfordii
98 Attia, A.M.; Ibrahim, F.A.; Abd El-Latif, N.A.; Aziz, S.W.; Elwan, A.M.; Abdel Aziz, A.A.; Elgendy, A.; Elgengehy, F.T.
Therapeutic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of laser acupuncture on patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Lasers Surg Med, 2016, 48(5), 490-497
Acupuncture, Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Inflammation, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Laserneedle acupuncture, Non-randomized trial, Rheumatic diseases, Traditional Chinese medicine
99 Middleton, K.R.; Ward, M.M.; Haaz Moonaz, S.; López, M.M.; Tataw-Ayuketah, G.; Yang, L.; Acevedo, A.T.; Brandon, Z.; Wallen, G.R.
Feasibility and assessment of outcome measures for yoga as self-care for minorities with arthritis
A pilot study
Pilot Feasibility Stud, 2018, 4, 53; (1-11)
Arthritis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meditation, Mind-body medicine, Rheumatic diseases, Yoga
100 Zhou, Y.Y.; Xia, X.; Peng, W.K.; Wang, Q.H.; Peng, J.H.; Li, Y.L.; Wu, J.X.; Zhang, J.Y.; Zhao, Y.; Chen, X.M.; Huang, R.Y.; Jakobsson, P.J.; Wen, Z.H.; Huang, Q.C.
The effectiveness and safety of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F extracts in rheumatoid arthritis
A systematic review and meta-analysis
Front Pharmacol, 2018, 9, 356; (1-10)
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Chinese medicinal herbs, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Rheumatic diseases, Systematic review, Traditional Chinese medicine, Tripterygium, Tripterygium wilfordii