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3814 results (filtered)

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1101 Dodge, H.H.; Zitzelberger, T.; Oken, B.S.; Howieson, D.; Kaye, J.
A randomized placebo-controlled trial of Ginkgo biloba for the prevention of cognitive decline
Neurology, 2008, 70(19), 1809-1817
Geriatrics, Ginkgo, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Nervous system, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial
1102 Stockfleth, E.; Beti, H.; Orasan, R.; Grigorian, F.; Mescheder, A.; Tawfik, H.; Thielert, C.
Topical polyphenon E in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts
A randomized controlled trial
Brit J Dermatol, 2008, 158(6), 1329-1338
Camellia, Camellia sinensis, Skin diseases, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Warts
1103 Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K.; Graham, J.E.; Malarkey, W.B.; Porter, K.; Lemeshow, S.; Glaser, R.
Olfactory influences on mood and autonomic, endocrine, and immune function
Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2008, 33(3), 328-329
Aromatherapy, Citrus, lime leaves [kaffir-], Endocrinology, Healthy probands, Immune system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Lavendula, Lavendula angustifolia, Nervous system, Phytomedicine, Psychology/psychotherapy, Psychoneuro-endocrinology, Randomized trial, Vegetative nervous system
1104 Leung, P.C.; Wong, M.W.N.; Wong, W.C.
Limb salvage in extensive diabetic foot ulceration
An extended study using a herbal supplement
Hong Kong Med J, 2008, 14, 29-33
Alisma orientale, Astragalus, Atractylodes, Atractylodes macrocephala, Cornus, Diabetes mellitus, Dioscorea, Skin diseases, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Paeonia, Paeonia suffruticosa, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Polygonum, Polygonum multiflorum, Randomized trial, Rehmannia glutinosa, Schizandra, Schizandra chinensis, Smilax, Smilax china, Smilax glabra, Stephania tetrandra, Metabolic diseases, Crural ulcer
1105 Scholey, A.B.; Tildesley, N.T.J.; Ballard, C.G.; Wesnes, K.A.; Tasker, A.; Perry, E.K.; Kennedy, D.O.
An extract of Salvia (sage) with anticholinesterase properties improves memory and attention in healthy older volunteers
Psychopharmacol, 2008, 198(1), 127-139
Geriatrics, Healthy probands, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Nervous system, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, sage
1106 Stringer, J.; Swindell, R.; Dennis, M.
Massage in patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy reduces serum cortisol and prolactin
Psychooncol, 2008, 17(10), 1024-1031
Aromatherapy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cancer, Manual therapy, Massage, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Randomized trial, Stress
1107 Martin, M.D.; Sherman, J.; Ven, P. van der; Burgess, J.
A controlled trial of a dissolving oral patch concerning glycyrrhiza (licorice) herbal extract for the treatment of aphthous ulcers
Gen Dent, 2008, 56, 206-210
Aphthous ulcer, Glycyrrhiza, liquorice root, Ear-nose-throat disorders, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial
1108 Wahl, R.A.; Aldous, M.B.; Worden, K.A.; Grant, K.L.
Echinacea purpurea and osteopathic manipulative treatment in children with recurrent otitis media
A randomized controlled trial
BMC Complement Altern Med, 2008, 8, (1-25) (Internet)
Echinacea purpurea, Ear-nose-throat disorders, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Manual therapy, Middle ear inflammation, Osteopathy, Pediatrics, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial
1109 Wing, D.A.; Rumney, P.J.; Preslicka, C.W.; Chung, J.H.
Daily cranberry juice for the prevention of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy
A randomized, controlled pilot study
J Urol, 2008, 180, 1367-1372
Gynaecology, Urinary tract, Urinary tract infection, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Prevention, Randomized trial, Juice/distillate, Obstetrics, Vaccinium, cowberry
1110 Kumar, P.; Strang, A.; Ho, M.; Maple, C.; Radederstoff, D.; Morley, K.; Belch, J.
The effects of borage oil supplementation on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug requirements in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
J Complement Integr Med, 2008, 5(1), 23; (1-11)
Arthritis, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, borage, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Dietary supplementation, Oil, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial
1111 Liu, Y.; Jia, Z.; Dong, L.; Wang, R.; Qiu, G.
A randomized pilot study of atractylenolide I on gastric cancer cachexia patients
eCAM, 2008, 5(3), 337-344
Atractylodes, Atractylodes macrocephala, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cancer, Stomach cancer, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Kachexie
1112 Hsu, C.-H.; Hwang, K.-C.; Chao, C.-L.; Chang, S.G.N.; Ho, M.-S.; Lin, J.-G.; Chang, H.-H.; Kao, S.-T.; Chen, Y.-M.; Chou, P.
An evaluation of the additive effect of natural herbal medicine on SARS or SARS-like infectious diseases in 2003
A randomized, double-blind, and controlled pilot study
eCAM, 2008, 5(3), 355-362
Chinese medicinal herbs, Infections, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, SARS - Severe acute respirotary syndrome, Traditional Chinese medicine
1113 Li, L.T.; Wang, S.H.; Ge, H.Y.; Chen, J.; Yue, S.W.; Yu, M.
The beneficial effects of the herbal medicine Free and Easy Wanderer Plus (FEWP) and fluoxetine on post-stroke depression
J Altern Complement Med, 2008, 14(7), 841-846
Angelica, Angelica sinensis, Atractylodes, Atractylodes macrocephala, Bupleurum, Bupleurum chinense, Depression, Glycyrrhiza, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cardiovascular diseases, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Lilium, Lilium brownii var. colchesteri, Mentha, Mentha haplocalyx, Paeonia, Paeonia lactiflora, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Poria, Poria cocos, Mental diseases, Randomized trial, Rehmannia glutinosa, sage, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Stroke, ginger
1114 Doruk, A.; Uzun, O.; Ozsahin, A.
A placebo-controlled study of extract of Ginkgo biloba added to clozapine in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Int Clin Psychopharmacol, 2008, 23(4), 223-227
Ginkgo, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Mental diseases, Randomized trial, Schizophrenia
1115 Kranzbühler, H.; Heusser, P.; Rached, E.; Altenbernd, C.; Berthold, H.; Greiner, R.H.
Prospektiv randomisierte Studie zur Untersuchung von lymphozytären Zelldefekten bei Patienten mit HNO-Tumoren unter Radiotherapie
Beeinflussung von Immunkompetenz und DNA-Reparatur durch Viscum album (Iscador((R)) )
Heusser, P. (Hrsg.): Akademische Forschung in der Anthroposophischen Medizin. Beispiel Hygiogenese: Natur- und geisteswissenschaftliche Zugänge zur Selbstheilungskraft des Menschen., 1999, 317-322
Anthroposophic medicine, Immunomodulation, Immune system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Head and neck cancer, Cancer, Mistletoe therapy, Oropharyngeal cancer, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Viscum, Viscum album, Iscador
1116 Müller, M.D.; Aljinovic, M.; Hänggi, W.; Dreher, E.; Heusser, P.
Therapie von HPV-Infektionen der Vulva mit Viscum album (Iscador ((R)) )
Heusser, P. (Hrsg.): Akademische Forschung in der Anthroposophischen Medizin. Beispiel Hygiogenese: Natur- und geisteswissenschaftliche Zugänge zur Selbstheilungskraft des Menschen., 1999, 323-330
Anthroposophic medicine, Gynaecology, Immunomodulation, Immune system, Infections, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Methodology, Mistletoe therapy, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Theory, Viscum, Viscum album, Iscador, Vulva, human papilloma virus
1117 Heusser, P.
Lebensqualität bei fortgeschrittenen Tumorkrankheiten
Anthroposophische Krebstherapie im Rahmen des nationalen Forschungsprogramms 34 (NFP34)
Heusser, P. (Hrsg.): Akademische Forschung in der Anthroposophischen Medizin. Beispiel Hygiogenese: Natur- und geisteswissenschaftliche Zugänge zur Selbstheilungskraft des Menschen., 1999, 341-351
Anthroposophic medicine, Observational trial, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cancer, Mistletoe therapy, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Review (CR), Viscum, Viscum album, Iscador
1118 Dallas, C.; Gerbi, A.; Tenca, G.; Juchaux, F.; Bernard, F.X.
Lipolytic effect of a polyphenolic citrus dry extract of red orange, grapefruit, orange (SINETROL) in human body fat adipocytes
Mechanism of action by inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE)
Phytomed, 2008, 15(10), 783-792
Citrus, Citrus aurantium, Citrus paradisi, Citrus sinensis, Experiment, Obesitiy, Basic Research, Guarana, In vitro, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Human, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Metabolic diseases, Overweight, Cell biology
1119 Bertipaglia de Santana, M.; Mandarino, M.G.; Cardoso, J.R.; Dichi, I.; Dichi, J.B.; Camargo, A.E.; Fabris, B.A.; Rodrigues, R.J.; Fatel, E.C.; Nixdorf, S.L.; Simao, A.N.; Cecchini, R.; Barbosa, D.S.
Association between soy and green tea (Camellia sinensis) diminishes hypercholesterolemia and increases total plasma antioxidant potential in dyslipidemic subjects
Nutrition, 2008, 24(6), 562-568
Camellia, Camellia sinensis, Nutrition/diet, Hypercholesterolemia, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phaseolus, Phaseolus max, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Metabolic diseases
1120 Beer, A.-M.; Schmidt-Gayk, H.; Wiebelitz, K.R.
Einfluss von Wolfstrappkraut auf die Schilddrüsenfunktion und schilddrüsenassoziierte Symptome
Z Phytother, 2008, 29(4), 162-168
Observational trial, Hyperthyreodism, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Lycopus, Gipsy Wort., Phytomedicine, Thyroid, Metabolic diseases
1121 Chung, D.-J.; Kim, H.-Y.; Park, K.-H.; Jeong, K.-A.; Lee, S.-K.; Lee, Y.-I.; Hur, S.-E.; Cho, M.-S.; Lee, B.S.; Bai, S.W.; Kim, C.M.; Cho, S.H.; Hwang, J.Y.; Park, J.H.
Black cohosh and St. John's wort (GYNO-plus ((R)) ) for climacteric symptoms
Yonsei Med J, 2007, 48(2), 289-294
Black cohosh, Gynaecology, Hypericum, St John's wort, Climacteric, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial
1122 Taibi, D.M.; Vitiello, M.V.; Barsness, S.; Elmer, G.W.; Anderson, G.D.; Landis C.A.
A randomized clinical trial of valerian fails to improve self-reported, polysomnographic, and actigraphic sleep in older women with insomnia
Sleep Med, 2009, 10(3), 319-328
Geriatrics, Gynaecology, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Mental diseases, Randomized trial, Sleep disorders, Valeriana
1123 Nagata, H.; Inagaki, Y.; Tanaka, M.; Ojima, M.; Kataoka, K.; Kuboniwa, M.; Nishida, N.; Shimizu, K.; Osawa, K.; Shizukuishi, S.
Effect of eucalyptus extract chewing gum on periodontal health
A double-masked, randomized trial
J Periodontal, 2008, 79(8), 1378-1385
Nutrition/diet, Eucalyptus, Hevea brasiliensis, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Dental diseases
1124 Dehkordi, F.R.; Kamkhah, A.F.
Antihypertensive effect of Nigella sativa seed extract in patients with mild hypertension
Fundam Clin Pharmacol, 2008, 22(4), 447-452
High blood pressure, Cardiovascular diseases, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Nigella sativa, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial
1125 DeKosky, S.T.; Williamson, J.D.; Fitzpatrick, A.L.; Kronmal, R.A.; Ives, D.G.; Saxton, J.A.; Lopez, O.L.; Burke, G.; Carlson, M.C.; Fried, L.P.; Kuller, L.H.; Robbins, J.A.; Tracy, R.P.; Woolard, N.F.; Dunn, L.; Snitz, B.E.; Nahin, R.L.; Furberg, C.D.
Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia
A randomized controlled trial
JAMA, 2008, 300(19), 2253-2262
Dementia, Ginkgo, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Nervous system, Phytomedicine, Prevention, Randomized trial
1126 Rassameemasmaung, S.; Sirikulsathean, A.; Amornchat, C.; Maungmingsook, P.; Rojanapanthu, P.; Gritsanaphan, W.
Topical application of Garcinia mangostana L. pericarp gel as an adjunct to periodontal treatment
Complement Ther Med, 2008, 16(5), 262-267
Garcinia, Garcinia mangostana, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Parodontosis, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Dental diseases
1127 Bäumler, S.
Die Wirkung der Mistel bei degenerativen Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates
Eine prospektive Falldokumentation
KIM, 2008, 49(11/12), 31-37
Arthrosis, Observational trial, Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Mistletoe therapy, Pharmacology, Phytomedicine, Stimulation therapy, Theory, Viscum, Viscum album, Mechanism of action
1128 Lechler, T.
Curcuma als pflanzliche Alternative in der Therapie der funktionellen Dyspepsie und Hyperlipidämie
KIM, 2008, 49(11/12), 44-50
Observational trial, Curcuma, Dyspepsia, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Phytomedicine
1129 Schandry, R.; Duschek, S.
The effect of Camphor-Crataegus berry extract combination on blood pressure and mental functions in chronic hypotension
A randomized placebo controlled double blind design
Phytomed, 2008, 15(11), 914-922
Camphora, Crataegus, Cardiovascular diseases, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Low blood pressure, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial
1130 Xu, F.; Uebaba, K.; Ogawa, H.; Tatsuse, T.; Wang, B.H.; Hisajima, T.; Venkatraman, S.
Pharmaco-physio-psychologic effect of Ayurvedic oil-dripping treatment using an essential oil from Lavendula angustifolia
J Altern Complement Med, 2008, 14(8), 947-956
Ayurveda, Healthy probands, Gynaecology, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Lavendula, Lavendula angustifolia, Nervous system, Oil, Pharmacology, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Sesamum indicum, Vegetative nervous system
1131 Hsu, T.L.; Bau, J.G.; Wang, W.K.; Li, S.P.; Wang, Y.Y.
Similarity between coffee effects and qi-stimulating events
J Altern Complement Med, 2008, 14(9), 1145-1150
Observational trial, Coffea, Nutrition/diet, Healthy probands, Cardiovascular diseases, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine
1132 Yun, Y.J.; Nah, S.S.; Park, J.H.; Jung, S.K.; Paeck, E.K.; Park, J.H.; Lee, E.J.; Kim, S.H.; Park, H.M.; Lee, S.D.; Kim, J.Y.; Hong, S.J.; Choe, B.K.; Chung, J.H.
Assessment of prescribed herbal medicine on liver function in Korea
A prospective observational study
J Altern Complement Med, 2008, 14(9), 1131-1136
Observational trial, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Liver, Gastrointestinal tract, Phytomedicine
1133 Boskabady, M.H.; Farhadi, J.
The possible prophylactic effect of Nigella sativa seed aqueous extract on respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function tests on chemical war victims
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
J Altern Complement Med, 2008, 14(9), 1137-1144
Respiratory diseases, Chemicals, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Nigella sativa, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Environmental medicine
1134 Simbar, M.; Azarbad, Z.; Mojab, F.; Majd, H.A.
A comparative study of the therapeutic effects of the Zataria multiflora vaginal cream and metronidazole vaginal gel on bacterial vaginosis
Phytomed, 2008, 15(12), 1025-1031
Gynaecology, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Vaginalinfektion, Zataria multiflora
1135 Modaghegh, M.H.; Shahabian, M.; Esmaeili, H.A.; Rajbai, O.; Hosseinzadeh, H.
Safety evaluation of saffron (Crocus sativus) tablets in healthy volunteers
Phytomed, 2008, 15(12), 1032-1037
Crocus, Healthy probands, Cardiovascular diseases, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Metabolic diseases
1136 Armstrong, B.; McDade, D.
Northern Ireland complementary therapy pilot
March 07 - March 08
Complement Ther Med, 2008, 16(6), 360-361 (Abstract)
Acupuncture, Anxiety, Aromatherapy, Observational trial, Depression, Assesment, Homeopathy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Manual therapy, Massage, Patient structure, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Reflex therapy, Stress, Traditional Chinese medicine
1137 Hsu, C.H.; Tsai, T.H.; Kao, Y.H.; Hwang, K.C.; Tseng, T.Y.; Chou, P.
Effect of green tea extract on obese women
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Clin Nutr, 2008, 27(3), 363-370
Camellia, Camellia sinensis, Gynaecology, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Physiology, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Metabolic diseases, Tea, Overweight
1138 Wilsey, B.; Marcotte, T.; Tsodikov, A.; Millman, J.; Bentley, H.; Gouaux, B.; Fushman, S.
A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of cannabis cigarettes in neuropathic pain
J Pain, 2008, 9(6), 506-521
Cannabis, Cannabis sativa, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Nervous system, Neuropathy, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Pain
1139 McCarney, R.; Fisher, P.; Iliffe, S.; Haselen, R. van; Griffin, M.; Meulen, J. van der; Warner, J.
Ginkgo biloba for mild to moderate dementia in a community setting
A pragmatic, randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Int J Geriatr Psych, 2008, 23(12), 1222-1230
Dementia, Geriatrics, Ginkgo, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Nervous system, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial
1140 Wu, K.L.; Rayner, C.K.; Chuah, S.H.; Changchien, C.S.; Lu, S.N.; Chiu, Y.C.; Chiu, K.W.; Lee, C.M.
Effects of ginger on gastric emptying and motility in healthy humans
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2008, 20(5), 436-440
Healthy probands, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Stomach, Gastrointestinal tract, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, ginger
1141 Tatti, S.; Swinehart, J.M.; Thielert, C.; Tawfik, H.; Mescheder, A.; Beutner, K.R.
Sinecatechins, a defined green tea extract, in the treatment of external anogenital warts
A randomized controlled trial
Obstet Gynecol, 2008, 111(6), 1371-1379
Camellia, Camellia sinensis, Skin diseases, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Warts
1142 Ensiyeh, J.; Sakineh, M.A.
Comparing ginger and vitamin B6 for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
A randomised controlled trial
Midwifery, 2008, 25(6), 649-653
Nutrition/diet, Gynaecology, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Pyridoxin, Randomized trial, Obstetrics, Morning sickness, Sickness (pregnancy), Vitamins, ginger
1143 Udani, J.
HMR lignan for hot flashes in menopausal women
J Altern Complement Med, 2008, 14(9), 1171 (Abstract)
Gynaecology, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Menopause, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial
1144 Udani, J.; Ramirez, V.; Hardy, M.; Roopchand, D.E.
ALAP-1 improves nasal airflow in patients with allergic rhinitis
Results from double-blind, placebo-controlled, short and long term treatment studies
J Altern Complement Med, 2008, 14(9), 1171-1172 (Abstract)
Allergies, Hay fever, Immune system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial
1145 Blanke, C.H.; Naisabha, G.B.; Balema, M.B.; Mbaruku, G.M.; Heide, L.; Müller, M.S.
Herba artemisiae annuae tea preparation compared to sulfadoxine-pryrimethamine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in adults
A randomized double-blind clinical trial
Trop Doct, 2008, 38(2), 113-116
Artemisia, annual wormwood, Infections, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Malaria, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Tea, Traditional Chinese medicine
1146 Patankar, S.; Dobhada, S.; Bhansali, M.; Khaladkar, S.; Modi, J.
A prospective, randomized, controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Ayurvedic formulation "varuna and banana stem" in the management of urinary stones
J Altern Complement Med, 2008, 14(10), 1287-1290
Ayurveda, Crataeva nurvala, Urinary tract, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Musa, banana, Kidney stones, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial
1147 Faraji, M.H.; Tarkhani, A.H.H.
The effect of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on essential hypertension
J Ethnopharmacol, 1999, 65, 231-236
High blood pressure, Cardiovascular diseases, Hibiscus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Tea
1148 Mozaffari-Khosravi, H.; Khanabadi-Jalali, B.-A.; Afkhami-Ardekani, M.; Fatehi, F.; Nooi-Shadkam, M.
The effects of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on hypertension in patients with type II diabetes
J Hum Hypertens, 2009, 23, 48-54
High blood pressure, Cardiovascular diseases, Hibiscus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Tea
1149 Herrera-Arellano, A.; Miranda-Sánchez, J.; Avila-Castro, P.; Herrera-Alvarez, S.; Jiménez-Ferrer, J.E.; Zamilpa, A.; Román-Ramos, R.; Ponce-Monter, H.; Tortoriello, J.
Clinical effects produced by a standardized herbal medicinal product of Hibiscus sabdariffa on patients with hypertension
A randomized, double-blind, lisinopril-controlled clinical trial
Planta Med, 2007, 73(1), 6-12
High blood pressure, Cardiovascular diseases, Hibiscus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial
1150 Grünwald, J.
Körperliche und kognitive Vitalität älterer Menschen
Studie mit Rhodiola-rosea-Kombination
Z Phytother, 2008, 29(6), 295-296 (Kongressbericht)
Observational trial, Geriatrics, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Nervous system, Phytomedicine, Rhodiola, Rhodiola rosea
1151 Nohr, L.A.; Rasmussen, L.B.; Straand, J.
Resin from the mukul myrrh tree, guggul, can it be used for treating hypercholesterolemia?
A randomized, controlled study
Complement Ther Med, 2009, 17(1), 16-22
Cammophora, Cammophora mukul, Hypercholesterolemia, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Metabolic diseases
1152 Piao, B.K.; Wang, Y.X.; Xie, G.R.; Mansmann, U.; Matthes, H.; Beuth, J.; Lin, H.S.
Impact of complementary mistletoe extract treatment on quality of life in breast, ovarian and non-small cell lung cancer patients
A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial
Anticancer Res, 2004, 24(1), 303-309
Breast cancer, Ovarian cancer, Helixor, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cancer, Lung cancer, Mistletoe therapy, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Viscum, Viscum album
1153 Holubarsch, C.J.; Colucci, W.S.; Meinertz, T.; Gaus, W.; Tendera, M.
The efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in patients with heart failure
The SPICE trial
Eur J Heart Fail, 2008, 10(12), 1255-1263
Crataegus, Cardiovascular diseases, Heart failure, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial
1154 Black, C.D.; Oconnor, P.J.
Acute effects of dietary ginger on quadriceps muscle pain during moderate-intensity cycling exercise
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 2008, 18(6), 653-664
Muscoskeletal -/Connective tissue system, Nutrition/diet, Healthy probands, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Muscles, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, ginger, Muscle pain (unspecified)
1155 Rajar, U.D.; Majeed, R.; Parveen, N.; Sheikh, I.; Sushel, C.
Efficacy of aloe vera gel in the treatment of vulval lichen planus
J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2008, 18(10), 612-614
Aloe, Aloe vera, Gynaecology, Skin diseases, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Lichen, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Vagina
1156 Chedraui, P.; San Miguel, G.; Hidalgo, L.; Morocho, N.; Ross, S.
Effect of Trifolium pratenses-derived isoflavones on the lipid profile of postmenopausal women with increased body mass index
Gynecol Endocrinol, 2008, 24(11), 620-624
Gynaecology, Cardiovascular diseases, Hyperlipoproteinemia, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Menopause, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Metabolic diseases, Trifolium, Trifolium pratense, Overweight
1157 Dragan, S.; Ursoniu, S.; Rada, M.; Christodorescu, R.; Samoila, C.; Kaycsa, A.
Improvement of cardiovascular risk by functional nutrition with plant-derived bioactive ingredients
Eur J Integr Med, 2008, 1(Suppl.1), S23 (Abstract; Symposiumsbeitrag)
Nutrition/diet, Cardiovascular diseases, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Metabolic syndrome, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Metabolic diseases
1158 Arab, L.; Liu, W.; Elashoff, D.
Green and black tea consumption an risk of stroke
A meta-analysis
Stroke, 2009, 40(5), 1786-1792
Camellia, Camellia sinensis, Cardiovascular diseases, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Prevention, Stroke, Tea
1159 Brinkhaus, B.; Hentschel, C.; Schindler, G.; Lindner, M.; Stützer, H.; Kohnen, R.; Willich, S.N.; Lehmacher, W.; Hahn, E.G.
Is herbal medicine effective in irritable bowel syndrome?
Results from a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial
Eur J Integr Med, 2008, 1(Suppl.1), S26 (Abstract; Symposiumsbeitrag)
Curcuma, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Fumaria, Fumaria officinalis, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Irritable bowel syndrome
1160 Ozgoli, G.; Goli, M.; Moattar, F.
Comparison of effects of ginger, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen on pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea
J Altern Complement Med, 2009, 15(2), 129-132
Dysmenorrhea, Gynaecology, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Pain, ginger
1161 Peng, S.-M.; Koo, M.; Yu, Z.-R.
Effects of music and essential oil inhalation on cardiac autonomic balance in healthy individuals
J Altern Complement Med, 2009, 15(1), 53-57
Aromatherapy, Citrus, Citrus bergamia, Healthy probands, Cardiovascular diseases, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Music therapy, Nervous system, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Vegetative nervous system
1162 Hipps, Y.G.; Hacker, Y.E.; Hoffmann, D.L.; Brinckmann, J.A.; Socci, R.R.; Rogers, D.
Self-reported quality of life in complementary and alternative medicine treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis among African Americans
A preliminary, open-label pilot study
J Altern Complement Med, 2009, 15(1), 67-77
Observational trial, Ear-nose-throat disorders, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Sinusitis, Phytomedicine, Cold, Tea
1163 Imanishi, J.; Kuriyama, H.; Shigemori, I.; Watanabe, S.; Aihara, Y.; Kita, M.; Sawai, K.; Nakajima, H.; Yoshida, N.; Kunisawa, M.; Kawase, M.; Fukui, K.
Anxiolytic effect of aromatherapy massage in patients with breast cancer
eCAM, 2009, 6(1), 123-128
Anxiety, Aromatherapy, Observational trial, Breast cancer, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cancer, Manual therapy, Massage, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
1164 Seidlová-Wuttke, D.; Wuttke, W.
Dermal application of a Cimicifuga racemosa (CR)-containing cream has beneficial effects on acne
Eur J Integr Med, 2008, 1(Suppl.1), S40 (Abstract; Symposiumsbeitrag)
Acne, Observational trial, Black cohosh, Skin diseases, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine
1165 Brandenberger, M.; Simoes-Wüst, P.; Saller, R.; Salzwedel, G.; Rist, L.; Ramos, M.
Mistletoe in the supportive care of cancer patients
Improvement of quality-of-life
Eur J Integr Med, 2008, 1(Suppl.1), S44 (Abstract; Symposiumsbeitrag)
Observational trial, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cancer, Mistletoe therapy, Phytomedicine, Viscum, Viscum album
1166 Büssing, A.; Bückner, U.; Enser-Weis, U.; Schnelle, M.; Schumann, A.; Schietzel, M.; Hatzmann, W.; Hackmann, J.
Modulation of chemotherapy-associated immuno-suppression by intravenous application of Viscum album L. extract (Iscador)
A randomised phase II study
Eur J Integr Med, 2008, 1(Suppl.1), S44-S45 (Abstract; Symposiumsbeitrag)
Breast cancer, Immunomodulation, Immune system, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cancer, Mistletoe therapy, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Viscum, Viscum album, Iscador
1167 Braeckman, J.; Bruhwyler, J.; Vanderkerckhove, K.; Géczy, J.
Efficacy and safety of the extract of Serenoa repens in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Therapeutic equivalence between twice and once daily dosage forms
Phytother Res, 1997, 11(8), 558-563
Urinary tract, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, posology, Prostatic enlargement (benign), Randomized trial, Sabal serrulata
1168 Teschke, R.; Schwarzenboeck, A.
Suspected hepatotoxicity by Cimicifugae racemosae rhizoma (black cohosh, root)
Critical analysis and structured causality assessment
Phytomed, 2009, 16(1), 72-84
Observational trial, Black cohosh, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Liver, Gastrointestinal tract, Phytomedicine, Toxicology, Adverse effect
1169 Fazio, S.; Pouso, J.; Dolinsky, D.; Fernandez, A.; Hernandez, M.; Clavier, G.; Hecker, M.
Tolerance, safety and efficacy of Hedera helix extract in inflammatory bronchial diseases under clinical practice conditions
A prospective, open, multicentre postmarketing study in 9657 patients
Phytomed, 2009, 16(1), 17-24
Respiratory diseases, Observational trial, Bronchitis, Hedera, Hedera helix, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine
1170 Longhi, A.; Ferrari, S.; Ramos F, M.H.
Viscum album fermentatum use in osteosarcoma patients as an immunostimulant adjuvant after relapse
Eur J Integr Med, 2008, 1(Suppl.1), S49 (Abstract; Symposiumsbeitrag)
Observational trial, Immunomodulation, Immune system, Clinical research, Bone cancer, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cancer, Mistletoe therapy, Phytomedicine
1171 Ziegler, R.; Grossarth-Maticek, R.
Controlled prospective studies on the long-term therapy of cervical, corpus uteri and ovarian cancer patients with a mistletoe preparation (Iscador)
Eur J Integr Med, 2008, 1(Suppl.1), S51-S52 (Abstract; Symposiumsbeitrag)
Anthroposophic medicine, Ovarian cancer, Case report, Cervical cancer, Gynaecology, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cancer, Mistletoe therapy, Phytomedicine, Practice, Randomized trial, Viscum, Viscum album
1172 Oliveira, S.M. de; Torres, T.C.; Pereira, S.L.; Mota, O.M.; Carlos, M.X.
Effect of a dentifrice containing Aloe vera on plaque and gingivitis control
A double-blind clinical study in humans
J Appl Oral Sci, 2008, 16(4), 293-296
Aloe, Applikationsform, Caries, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Gingivitis, Dental diseases, toothpaste
1173 Wright, S.C.; Maree, J.E.; Sibanyoni, M.
Treatment of oral thrush in HIV/AIDS patients with lemon juice and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) and gentian violet
Phytomed, 2009, 16(2-3), 118-124
Candidiasis, Citrus, lime leaves [kaffir-], Cymbopogon, Cymbopogon citratus, Gentiana, Gentiana violetta, HIV, Infections, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial
1174 Uebelhack, R.; Gruenwald, J.; Graubaum, H.J.; Busch, R.
Efficacy and tolerability of Hypericum extract STW 3-VI in patients with moderate depression
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Adv Ther, 2004, 21(4), 265-275
Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Mental diseases, Randomized trial
1175 Cuellar, N.G.; Ratcliffe, S.J.
Does valerian improve sleepiness and symptom severity in people with restless legs syndrome?
Altern Ther Health Med, 2009, 15(2), 22-28
Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Nervous system, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Mental diseases, Randomized trial, Restless legs syndrome, Sleep disorders, Valeriana
1176 Morrison, J.; Mutell, D.; Pollock, T.A.; Redmond, E.; Bralley, J.A.; Lord, R.S.
Effects of dried cruciferous powder on raising 2/16 hydroxyestrogen ratios in premenopausal women
Altern Ther Health Med, 2009, 15(2), 52-53
Observational trial, Brassica, Nutrition/diet, Gynaecology, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cancer, Menopause, Dietary supplementation, Phytomedicine, Prevention
1177 Cesarone, M.R.; Di Renzo, A.; Errichi, S.; Schönlau, F.; Wilmer, J.L.; Blumenfeld, J.
Improvement in circulation and in cardiovascular risk factors with a proprietary isotonic bioflavonoid formula OPC-3
Angiology, 2008, 59(4), 408-411
Citrus, Cardiovascular diseases, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Pinus, Pinus pinaster, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Vaccinium, blueberry, Vitis vinifera, Vitis
1178 Kraft, B.; Frickey, N.A.; Kaufmann, R.M.; Reif, M.; Frey, R.; Gustorff, B.; Kress, H.G.
Lack of analgesia by oral standardized cannabis extract on acute inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia in volunteers
Anesthesiol, 2008, 109(1), 101-110
Cannabis, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Nervous system, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Pain
1179 Lee, S.-T.; Chu, K.; Shim, J.-Y.; Heo, J.-H.; Kim, M.
Panax ginseng enhances cognitive performance in Alzheimer diesease
Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 2008, 22(3), 222-226
Alzheimer's disease, Dementia, Geriatrics, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Nervous system, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Panax, Panax ginseng
1180 Heo, J.-H.; Lee, S.-T.; Chu, K.; Oh, M.J.; Park, H.-J.; Shim, J.-Y.; Kim, M.
An open-label study of Korean red ginseng as an adjuvant treatment for coginitve impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Eur J Neurol, 2008, 15(8), 865-868
Alzheimer's disease, Dementia, Geriatrics, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Nervous system, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Panax, Panax ginseng
1181 Vohra, S.; Johnston, B.C.; Laycock, K.L.; Midodzi, W.K.; Dhunnoo, I.; Harris, E.; Baydala, L.
Safety and tolerability of North American ginseng extract in the treatment of pediatric upper respiratory tract infection
A phase II randomized, controlled trial of 2 dosing schedules
Pediatrics, 2008, 122(2), E-402-410
Respiratory diseases, Common cold, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Pediatrics, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Panax, Panax quinquefolius
1182 Die, M.D. van; Berger, H.G.; Bone, K.M.; Cohen, M.M.; Teede, H.J.
Hypericum perforatum with Vitex agnus-castus in menopausal symptoms
A randomized, controlled trial
Menopause, 2009, 156-163, 16(1)
Agnus castus, Gynaecology, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Menopause, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial
1183 Shimizu, M.; Fukutomi, Y.; Ninomiya, M.; Nagura, K.; Kato, T.; Araki, H.; Suganuma, M.; Fujiki, H.; Moriwaki, H.
Green tea extracts for the prevention of metachronous colorectal adenomas
A pilot study
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 2008, 17(11), 3020-3025
Camellia, Camellia sinensis, Bowel cancer, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cancer, Phytomedicine, Prevention, Randomized trial, Tea
1184 Mohammed Abdul, M.I.; Jiang, X.; Williams, K.M.; Day, R.O.; Roufogalis, B.D.; Liauw, W.S.; Xu, H.; McLachlan, A.J.
Pharmacodynamic interaction of warfarin with cranberry but not with garlic in healthy subjects
Brit J Pharm, 2008, 154(8), 1691-1700
Allium, Allium sativum, Andrology, Arzneimittelwechselwirkung, Avena sativa, Healthy probands, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Pharmacology, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Vaccinium, cranberry, Pharmacocinetics
1185 Arikan, D.; Alp, H.; Gözüm, S.; Orbak, Z.; Cifci, E.K.
Effectiveness of massage, sucrose solution, herbal tea or hydrolysed formula in the treatment of infantile colic
J Clin Nurs, 2008, 17(13), 1757-1761
Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Colic, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Manual therapy, Massage, Pediatrics, Phytomedicine, Randomized trial, Tea
1186 Alizadeh-Navaei, R.; Roozbeh, F.; Saravi, M.; Pouramir, M.; Jalali, F.; Moghadamnia, A.A.
Investigation of the effect of ginger on the lipid levels
A double blind controlled clinical trial
Saudi Med J, 2008, 29(9), 1280-1284
Hypercholesterolemia, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Randomized trial, Metabolic diseases, ginger
1187 Li, Q.; Kakizaki, M.; Kuriyama, S.;
Green tea consumption and lung cancer risk
The Ohsaki study
Brit J Cancer, 2008, 99(7), 1179-1184
Observational trial, Camellia, Camellia sinensis, Nutrition/diet, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cancer, Lung cancer, Phytomedicine, Prevention, Tea
1188 Tanabe, N.; Suzuki, H.; Aizawa, Y.; Seki, N.
Consumption of green and roasted teas and the risk of stroke incidence
Results from the Tokamachi-Nakasato cohort study in Japan
Int J Epidemiol, 2008, 37(5), 1030-1040
Observational trial, Camellia, Camellia sinensis, Nutrition/diet, Cardiovascular diseases, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Prevention, Stroke, Tea
1189 Gastpar, M.; Singer, A.; Zeller, K.
Comparative efficacy and safety of a once-daily dosage of hypericum extract STW3-VI and citalopram in patients with moderate depression
A double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled study
Pharmacopsychiatry, 2006, 39(2), 66-75
Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Conventional medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Mental diseases, Randomized trial
1190 Heidary, M.; Reza Nejadi, J.; Delfan, B.; Birjandi, M.; Kaviani, H.; Givrad, S.
Effect of saffron on semen parameters of infertile men
Urol J, 2008, 5(4), 255-259
Andrology, Observational trial, Crocus, Infertility, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine
1191 Bhattacharyya, D.; Sur, T.K.; Jana, U.; Debnath, P.K.
Controlled programmed trial of Ocimum sanctum leaf on generalized anxiety disorders
Nepal Med Coll J, 2008, 10(3), 176-179
Anxiety, Observational trial, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Ocimum, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
1192 Rahimi, R.; Nikfar, S.; Abdollahi, M.
Efficacy and tolerability of Hypericum perforatum in major depressive disorder in comparison with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
A meta-analysis
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 2009, 33(1), 118-127
Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
1193 Olsson, E.M.G.; Schéele, B. von; Panossian, A.G.
A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the standardised extract SHR-5 of the roots of Rhodiola rosea in the treatment of subjects with stress-related fatigue
Planta Med, 2009, 75(2), 105-112
Chronic fatigue syndrome, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Mental diseases, Randomized trial, Rhodiola, Rhodiola rosea, Stress
1194 Koetter, U.; Schrader, E.; Käufeler, R.; Brattström, A.
A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, prospective clincal study to demonstrate clinical efficacy of a fixed Valerian Hops extract combination (ZE91019) in patients suffering from non-organic sleep disorder
Phytother Res, 2007, 21(9), 847-851
hop, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Mental diseases, Randomized trial, Sleep disorders, Valeriana
1195 Darbinyan, V.; Aslanyan, G.; Amroyan, E.; Gabrielyan, E.; Malmström, C.; Panossian, A.
Clinical trial of Rhodiola rosea L. extract SHR-5 in the treatment of mild to moderate depression
Nord J Psychiatry, 2007, 61(5), 343-348
Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Mental diseases, Randomized trial, Rhodiola, Rhodiola rosea
1196 Brattström, A.
Long-term effects of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) treatment
A 1-year safety study in mild to moderate depression
Phytomed, 2009, 16(4), 277-283
Observational trial, Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Adverse effect
1197 Niederhofer, H.
Observational study
Matricaria chamomilla may improve some symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Phytomed, 2009, 16(4), 284-286
Observational trial, ADHD, Jugendmedizin, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Matricaria, Pediatrics, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
1198 Cicero, A.F.; Derosa, G.; Brillante, R.; Bernardi, R.; Nascetti, S.; Gaddi, A.
Effects of Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus maxim.) on elderly quality of life
A randomized clinical trial
Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 2004, 38(1), 69-73
Chronic fatigue syndrome, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Geriatrics, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Mental diseases, Randomized trial
1199 Hartz, A.J.; Bentler, S.; Noyes, R.; Hoehns, J.; Logemann, C.; Sinift, S.; Butani, Y.; Wang, W.; Brake, K.; Ernst, M.; Kautzman, H.
Randomized controlled trial of Siberian ginseng for chronic fatigue
Psychol Med, 2004, 34(1), 51-61
Chronic fatigue syndrome, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Mental diseases, Randomized trial
1200 Thanner, J.; Kohlmann, T.; Künzel, O.; Chrubasik, S.
Retrospective evaluation of biopsychosocial determinants and treatment response in patients receiving devil's claw extract (doloteffin R)
Phytother Res, 2009, 23(5), 742-744
Observational trial, Harpagophytum, Harpagophytum procumbens, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Psychology/psychotherapy, Retrospective design, Pain