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1 Linde, K.; Ramirez, G.; Mulrow, C.D.; Pauls, A.; Weidenhammer, W.; Melchart, D.
St John's wort for depression - an overview and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
BMJ, 1996, 313, 253-258
Depression, Hypericum, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
2 Schulz, V.
Johanniskraut als pflanzliches Antidepressivum
Loew, D., Rietbrock, N.(Hrsg.): Phytopharmaka in Forschung und klinischer Anwendung, 1995, 159-176
Depression, Research, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Systematic review, Theory
3 Linde, K.; Mulrow, C.D.
St John's wort for depression
Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2000, 1(CD000448), 1-17
Depression, Hypericum, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Systematic review
4 Hübner, W.-D.; Arnoldt, K.H.
Johanniskraut-Einjahresstudie
Offene multizentrische Therapiestudie mit Johanniskraut-Extrakt LI 160 bei Patienten mit depressiven Erkrankungen
Z Phytother, 2000, 21(6), 306-310
Observational trial, Depression, St John's wort, Jarsin, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
5 Hübner, W.-D.; Kirste, T.
Experience with St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) in children under 12 years with symptoms of depression and psychovegetative disturbances
Phytother Res, 2001, 15, 367-370
Observational trial, Depression, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Pediatrics, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
6 Whiskey, E.; Werneke, U.; Taylor, D.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of Hypericum perforatum in depression
A comprehensive clinical review
Int Clin Psychopharmacol, 2001, 16, 239-252
Depression, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Systematic review
7 Hübner, W.-D.; Kirste, T.
Erfahrungen mit Johanniskraut (Hypericum perforatum) bei Kindern unter 12 Jahren mit depressiven Symptomen und psychovegetativen Störungen
Z Phytother, 2002, 23(3), 112-115
Observational trial, Depression, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Pediatrics, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
8 Linde, K.
Extracts of Hypericum perforatum for depression
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Chrubasik, S. et al. (eds.): Herbal medicinal products for the treatment of pain, 2000, 154-163
Depression, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Systematic review
9 Hübner, W.-D.; Kirste, T.
Depressive Symptome und psychovegetative Störungen bei Kindern unter 12 Jahren
Eine Beobachtungsstudie mit Johanniskraut (Hypericum)
Schweiz Z Ganzheitsmed, 2002, 14(6), 318-324
Observational trial, Depression, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Pediatrics, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
10 Müller, D.; Pfeil, T.; Driesch, V. von den
Treating depression comorbid with anxiety - results of an open, practice-oriented study with St John's wort WS 5572 and valerian extract in high doses
Phytomed, 2003, 10(suppl. IV), 25-30
Anxiety, Observational trial, Depression, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Valeriana
11 Kasper, S.; Dienel, A.
Cluster analysis of symptoms during antidepressant treatment with Hypericum extract in mildly to moderately depressed out-patients
A meta-analysis of data from three randomized, placebo-controlled trials
Psychopharmacol, 2002, 164, 301-308
Chemistry, Cluster, Depression, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Physical Chemistry, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
12 Hammerness, P.; Brasch, E.; Ulbricht, E.; Barrette, E.P.; Foppa, I.; Basch, S.; Bent, S.; Boon, H.; Ernst, E.
St. John's wort: A systematic review of adverse effects and drug interactions for the consultation psychiatrist
Psychosomatics, 2003, 44(4), 271-282
Anxiety, Arzneimittelwechselwirkung, Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Systematic review, Adverse effect
13 Röder, C.; Schaefer, M.; Leucht, S.
Meta-Analyse zu Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit der Behandlung der leichten und mittelschweren Depression mit Johanniskraut
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr, 2004, 72(6), 330-343
Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Adverse effect
14 Ostermann, T.; Beer, A.-M.; Matthiessen, P.F.; Hentschel, H.J.
Effekte aktiver Hintergrundbeleuchtung bei der Lichttherapie von Patienten mit depressiven Episoden
EHK, 2004, 53(11), 679-686
Observational trial, Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Light therapy, Physical therapy, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
15 Linde, K.; Knüppel, L.
Large-scale observational studies of hypericum extracts in patients with depressive disorders
A systematic review
Phytomed, 2005, 12(1-2), 148-157
Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Systematic review
16 Werneke, U.; Horn, O.; Taylor, D.M.
How effective is St John's wort?
The evidence revisited
J Clin Psych, 2004, 65, 611-617
Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
17 Kainuma, M.; Hikiami, H.; Nozaki, K.; Hayashi, K.; Shimada, Y.; Terasawa, K.
The effect of a herbal medicine (Mao-to) for the prevention of interferon-induced psychiatric complications in chronic hepatitis C
A pilot study
Hum Psychopharmacol, 2004, 19, 235-241
Observational trial, Depression, Hepatitis, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Gastrointestinal tract, Mao-to, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Traditional Japanese medicine
18 Linde, K.; Berner, M.; Egger, M.; Mulrow, C.
St John's wort for depression
Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Brit J Psychiatry, 2005, 186, 99-107
Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
19 Knüppel, L.; Linde, K.
Adverse effects of St. John's wort
A systematic review
J Clin Psych, 2004, 65, 1470-1479
Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Systematic review, Adverse effect
20 Cram, J.R.
Flower essence therapy in the treatment of major depression
Preliminary findings
Int J Healing Caring, 2001, 1(1), 1-18
Bach flower therapy, Observational trial, Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
21 Okamoto, A.; Kuriyama, H.; Watanabe, S.; Aihara, Y.; Tadai, T.; Imanishi, J.; Fukui, K.
The effect of aromatherapy massage on mild depression
A pilot study
Psych Clin Neurosci, 2005, 59, 363
Aromatherapy, Observational trial, Citrus, Citrus aurantium, Depression, Geranium, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Ocimum, Ocimum basilicum, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
22 Schulz, V.; Toelg, M.; Ploch, M.
Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit eines Johanniskraut-Extraktes in hoher Einzeldosis
Ergebnisse einer Anwendungsbeobachtung mit Jarsin 450 bei 10627 Patienten
Z Phytother, 2006, 27(1), 16-19
Observational trial, Depression, Hypericum, Jarsin, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Adverse effect
23 Pilkington, K.; Boshnakova, A.; Richardson, J.
St. John's wort for depression
Time for a different perspective?
Complement Ther Med, 2006, 14(4), 268-281
Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Systematic review
24 Zick, S.M.; Sen, A.; Feng, Y.; Green, J.; Olatunde, S.; Boon, H.
Trial of Essiac to Ascertain Its Effect in Women with Breast Cancer (TEA-BC)
J Altern Complement Med, 2006, 12(10), 971-980
Anxiety, Observational trial, Breast cancer, Depression, Essiac, Ethnomedicine, Gynaecology, Native American medicine, Clinical research, Kombinationsarzneimittel, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cancer, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Retrospective design
25 anonymous
Aktuelle Ergebnisse zur Pharmakologie und Therapie mit Johanniskraut
ÄN, 2001, 42(8), 622
Observational trial, Depression, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Review (CR)
26 Dahl, J.J.; Falk, K.
Ayurvedic herbal supplements as an antidote to 9/11 toxicity
Altern Ther Health Med, 2008, 14(1), 24-28
Respiratory diseases, Ayurveda, Observational trial, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Toxicology, Trauma
27 Heine, H.
Multi-Target-Therapie zur Matrixregulation bei Befindensstörungen
EHK, 2005, 54(10), 650-656
Observational trial, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Depression, Gelee royale, Ground regulation, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Pollen, Propolis, Mental diseases, Review (CR), Wirkungsspektrum
28 Ernst, E.
Herbal remedies for depression and anxiety
Adv Psych Treat, 2007, 13, 312-316
Anxiety, Crataegus, Depression, Eschscholtzia californica, Ginkgo, Hypericum, St John's wort, Kava, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Lavendula, Lavendula angustifolia, Matricaria, Matricaria recutita, Melissa, lemon balm, maracuia, Passiflora incarnata, Phytomedicine, Piper, Mental diseases, Systematic review, Valeriana
29 Armstrong, B.; McDade, D.
Northern Ireland complementary therapy pilot
March 07 - March 08
Complement Ther Med, 2008, 16(6), 360-361 (Abstract)
Acupuncture, Anxiety, Aromatherapy, Observational trial, Depression, Assesment, Homeopathy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Manual therapy, Massage, Patient structure, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Reflex therapy, Stress, Traditional Chinese medicine
30 Linde, K.; Berner, M.M.; Kriston, L.
St. John's wort for major depression
Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008, 4(CD000448), 1-147
Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Systematic review
31 Rahimi, R.; Nikfar, S.; Abdollahi, M.
Efficacy and tolerability of Hypericum perforatum in major depressive disorder in comparison with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
A meta-analysis
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 2009, 33(1), 118-127
Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
32 Brattström, A.
Long-term effects of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) treatment
A 1-year safety study in mild to moderate depression
Phytomed, 2009, 16(4), 277-283
Observational trial, Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Adverse effect
33 Sarris, J.; Kavanagh, D.J.
Kava and St. John's Wort
Current evidence for use in mood and anxiety disorders
J Altern Complement Med, 2009, 15(8), 827-836
Anxiety, Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Kava, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Piper, Mental diseases, Systematic review
34 Müller, J.; Kolb, C.; Kelber, O.; Weiser, D.; Rudolf, G.A.
Hochdosierter Johanniskrautextrakt (STW 3-VI) ist eine sichere und wirksame Therapieoption auch bei leichter Depression
Ergebniss einer Reanalyse
Z Phytother, 2009, 30(Suppl.1 Kongressband), S28 (Abstract; Symposiumsbeitrag)
Observational trial, Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
35 Clover, A.; Last, P.; Fisher, P.; Wright, S.; Boyle, H.
Complementary cancer therapy
A pilot study of patients, therapies and quality of life
Complement Ther Med, 1995, 3, 129-133
Anxiety, Observational trial, Depression, Nutrition/diet, Homeopathy, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cancer, Mind-body medicine, Mistletoe therapy, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Viscum, Viscum album
36 Melzer, J.; Brignoli, R.; Keck, M.E.; Saller, R.
A Hypericum extract in the treatment of depressive symptoms in outpatients
An open study
Forsch Komplementärmed, 2010, 17(1), 7-14
Observational trial, Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Adverse effect
37 Will-Shahab, L.; Bauer, S.; Kunter, U.; Roots, I.; Brattström, A.
St John's wort extract (Ze 117) does not alter the pharmacokinetics of a low-dose oral contraceptive
Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 2009, 65(3), 287-294
Arzneimittelwechselwirkung, Observational trial, Depression, Healthy probands, Gynaecology, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Pharmacology, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Obstetrics, Pharmacocinetics
38 Dwyer, A.V.; Whitten, D.L.; Hawrelak, J.A.
Herbal medicines, other than St. John's Wort, in the treatment of depression
A systematic review
Altern Med Rev, 2011, 16(1), 40-49
Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Systematic review
39 Ulbricht, C.; Chao, W.; Tanguay-Colucci, S.; Conquer, J.; Costa, D.; Culwell, S.; Giese, N.; Higdon, E.R.B.; Isaac, R.; Kaltenbach, M.; Kligler, B.; Laster, R.; Liu, Y.; McCarthy, M.; Nachum, B.; Nummy, K.; Redwanski, J.; Rusie, E.; Windsor, R.; Wojcik, G.J.; Zhou, S.
Rhodiola (Rhodiola spp.)
An evidence-based systematic review by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration
Altern Compl Ther, 2011, 17(2), 110-119
Anxiety, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Rhodiola, Systematic review
40 Lucas, M.; Mirzaei, F.; Pan, A.; Okereke, O.I.; Willett, W.C.; O'Reilly, E.J.; Koenen, K.; Ascherio, A.
Coffee, caffeine, and risk of depression among women
Arch Intern Med, 2011, 171(17), 1571-1578
Observational trial, Coffea, Coffeinum, Depression, Nutrition/diet, Gynaecology, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
41 Kresimon, J.; Rychlik, R.; Kiencke, P.; Kolb, C.; Kelber, O.; Müller, J.
Patienten mit mittelschwerer Depression unter Behandlung mit Hypericum-Extrakt STW3-VI (900 mg täglich) oder SSRI
Prospektive 6-monatige Versorgungsstudie
Z Phytother, 2012, 33(Suppl.1 Kongressband), S22 (Abstract; Symposiumsbeitrag)
Observational trial, Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
42 Musselmann, B.; Rychlik, R.; Burkart, M.
Stellenwert von Johanniskrautextrakt der hausärztlichen Depressionstherapie
Eine nicht interventionelle Studie
MMW Fortschr Med, 2011, 153, 119-127
Observational trial, Depression, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
43 Berner, M.M.
Ergebnisse einer aktuellen Metaanalyse
Die Behandlung von Depressionen mit Johanniskraut
NaturaMed, 2009, 24, 1-7
Depression, Hypericum, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
44 Kasper, S.; Dienel, A.
Silexan (WS 1265) vermindert begleitende depressive Symptome bei Patienten mit Angsterkrankungen
Z Phytother, 2013, 34(Suppl. 1), s8 (Abstract; Symposiumsbeitrag)
Anxiety, Concomitant symptoms, Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Lavendula, Lavendula angustifolia, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Placebo-controlled, Mental diseases
45 Kelber, O. ; Müller, J.; Okpanyi, S.N.
Die Entzündungshypothese der Depression
Johanniskraut als therapeutischer Ansatz?
Z Phytother, 2013, 34(Suppl.1), s28-s29 (Abstract, Symposiumsbeitrag)
Depression, Inflammation, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Systematic review
46 Hausenblas, H.A.; Saha, D.; Dubyak, P.J.; Anton, S.D.
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and major depressive disorder
A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
J Integr Med, 2013, 11(6), 377-383
Crocus, Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
47 Terauchi, M.; Hiramitsu, S.; Akiyoshi, M.; Owa, Y.; Kato, K.; Obayashi, S.; Matsushima, E.; Kubota, T.
Effects of the Kampo formula Tokishakuyakusan on headaches and concomitant depression in middle-aged women
eCAM, 2014, Article ID 593560, (1-8)
Observational trial, Depression, Gynaecology, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Headache, Menopause, Nervous system, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Toki-shakuyaku-san, Traditional Japanese medicine
48 Fißler, M.; Quante, A.
A case series on the use of lavendula oil capsules in patients suffering from major depressive disorder and symptoms of psychomotor agitation, insomnia and anxiety
Complement Ther Med, 2014, 22(1), 63-69
Anxiety, Aromatherapy, Observational trial, Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Lavendula, Lavendula angustifolia, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Retrospective design, Sleep disorders
49 Osório, F. de L.; Sanches, R.F.; Macedo, L.R.; Santos, R.G.; Maia-de-Oliveira, J.P.; Wichert-Ana, L.; Araujo, D.B. de; Riba, J.; Crippa, J.A.; Hallak, J.E.
Antidepressant effects of a single dose of ayahuasca in patients with recurrent depression
A preliminary report
Rev Bras Psiquiatr, 2015, 37, 13-20
yage, Observational trial, Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
50 Al-Karawi, D.; Al Mamoori, D.A.; Tayyar, Y.
The role of curcumin administration in patients with major depressive disorder
Mini meta-analysis of clinical trials
Phytother Res, 2016, 30(2), 175-183
Curcuma, Curcuma longa, Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
51 Apaydin, E.A.; Maher, A.r.; Shanman, R.; Booth, M.S.; Miles, J.N.V.; Sorbero, M.E.; Hempel, S.
A systematic review of St. John’s wort for major depressive disorder
Syst Rev, 2016, 5, 148; (1-25)
Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Systematic review
52 Li, F.-D.; He, F.; Ye, X.-J.; Shen, W.; Wu, Y.-P.; Zhai, Y.-J.
Tea consumption is inversely associated with depressive symptoms in the elderly
A cross-sectional study in eastern China
J Affect Disord, 2016, 189, 157-162
Observational trial, Camellia, Camellia sinensis, Depression, Geriatrics, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Tea, Green Tea, Black tea
53 Ng, Q.X.; Venkatanarayanan, N.; Ho, C.Y.
Clinical use of Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) in depression
A meta-analysis
J Affect Disord, 2017, 210, 211-221
Depression, Hypericum, St John's wort, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
54 Yeung, K.S.; Hernandez, M.; Mao, J.J.; Haviland, I.; Gubili, J.
Herbal medicine for depression and anxiety
A systematic review with assessment of potential psycho-oncologic relevance
Phytother Res, 2018, 32(5), 865-891
Anxiety, Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cancer, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Systematic review
55 Ng, Q.X.; Koh, S.S.H.; Chan, H.W.; Ho, C.Y.X.
Clinical use of curcumin in depression
A meta-analysis
J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2017, 18(6), 503-508
Curcuma, Curcuma longa, Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
56 Yang, X.; Chen, X.; Fu, Y.; Luo, Q.; Du, L.; Qiu, H.; Qiu, T.; Zhang, L.; Meng, H.
Comparative efficacy and safety of Crocus sativus L. for treating mild to moderate major depressive disorder in adults
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2018, 14, 1297-1305
Crocus, Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
57 Tóth, B.; Hegyi, P.; Lantos, T.; Szakács, Z.; Kerémi, B.; Varga, G.; Tenk, J.; Pétervári, E.; Balaskó, M.; Rumbus, Z.; Rakonczay, Z.; Bálint, E.R.; Kiss, T.; Csupor, D.
The efficacy of saffron in the treatment of mild to moderate depression
A meta-analysis
Planta Med, 2019, 85(1), 24-31
Crocus, Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
58 Paolo, B.; Massimo, B.; Stefano, S.
Complementary treatment of mood disturbances in terminally ill oncological patients with the aphanziomenon flos aquae extract Klamin®
Adv Complement Altern Med, 2018, 1(3), (1-5)
Anxiety, Observational trial, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Depression, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Cancer, sea kelp, Sea remedies, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases
59 Su, B.Y.; Tung, T.H.; Chien, W.H.
Effects of phytoestrogens on depressive symptoms in climacteric women
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
J Altern Complement Med, 2018, 24(8), 850-851 (Letter)
Depression, Gynaecology, Climacteric, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Systematic review
60 Zwanzger, P.; Wacker, A.
Silexan bei somatischen Angstsymptomen
Z Phytother, 2017, 38 (Suppl.1), 44 (Abstract (Poster))
Anxiety, Depression, Ear-nose-throat disorders, Clinical research, Complementary and alternative medicine, Meta-analysis, Ear noises, Phytomedicine, Mental diseases, Silexan